Extending the enteric nervous system

Sbarbati, Andrea; Osculati, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2007.06.008

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…2b), thus indicating they are satellite glial cells. These ganglia composed of few neurons are sometimes found in the upper segments of the digestive tract (Sbarbati and Osculati, 2007).…”

Section: General Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sensory Innervation of the Human Pharynx: Searching for Mechanoreceptors

Carlos

Cobo

Macías³

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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The coordinate neural regulation of the upper airways muscles is basic to control airway size and resistance. The superior constrictor pharyngeal muscle (SCPM) forms the main part of the lateral and posterior walls of the pharynx and typically is devoid of muscle spindles, the main type of proprioceptor. Because proprioception arising from SCPM is potentially important in the physiology of the upper airways, we have investigated if there are mechanical sensory nerve endings substitute for the muscle spindles. Samples of human pharynx were analyzed using immunohistochemistry associated to general axonic and Schwann cells markers (NSE, PGP 9.5, RT-97, and S100P), intrafusal muscle fiber markers, and putative mechanical sense proteins (TRPV4 and ASIC2). Different kinds of sensory corpuscles were observed in the pharynx walls (Pacini-like corpuscles, Ruffini-like corpuscles, spiral-wharves nerve structures, and others) which are supplied by sensory nerves and express putative mechanoproteins. No evidence of muscle spindles was observed. The present results demonstrate the occurrence of numerous and different morphotypes of sensory corpuscles/mechanoreceptors in human pharynx that presumably detect mechanical changes in the upper airways and replace muscle spindles for proprioception. Present findings are of potential interest for the knowledge of pathologies of the upper airways with supposed sensory pathogenesis.

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“…2b), thus indicating they are satellite glial cells. These ganglia composed of few neurons are sometimes found in the upper segments of the digestive tract (Sbarbati and Osculati, 2007).…”

Section: General Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sensory Innervation of the Human Pharynx: Searching for Mechanoreceptors

Carlos

Cobo

Macías³

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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“…A complex network of neurons and nerve fibres resembling that of other species [6,7] was identified underlying equine gustatory papillae. A complex network of neurons and nerve fibres resembling that of other species [6,7] was identified underlying equine gustatory papillae.…”

Section: General Structure Of the Equine Subgemmal Plexus And Gustatomentioning

confidence: 89%

“…There was no apparent difference in gross appearance of gustatory papillae from EGS and control horses. A complex network of neurons and nerve fibres resembling that of other species [6,7] was identified underlying equine gustatory papillae. Main ganglia (termed VP/VEG or Remak's ganglion when associated with vallate papillae) were located at the base of each papilla (Fig 2).…”

Section: General Structure Of the Equine Subgemmal Plexus And Gustatomentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Neurofilament immunopositivity within taste buds was strictly localised in nerve fibres (Fig 4c). 6 (Fig 4d). 6 (Fig 4d).…”

Section: General Structure Of the Equine Subgemmal Plexus And Gustatomentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The predominant clinical signs of EGS are attributable to intractable gastrointestinal ileus caused by severe enteric neuropathy [5]. We hypothesised that subgemmal plexus neurons are chromatolytic in EGS, since this plexus represents a specialised cephalic extension of the enteric nervous system [6]. While the equine subgemmal plexus has not been previously studied, in other species it controls processes ancillary to taste, including regulation of lingual glands and vasomotor control [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuronal chromatolysis in the subgemmal plexus of gustatory papillae in horses with grass sickness

McGorum

Pirie

Shaw

et al. 2015

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Morphological adaptation of the tongue of okapi (Okapia johnstoni Artiodactyla, Giraffidae)—Anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure

Goździewska‐Harłajczuk,

Hamouzová,

Klećkowska‐Nawrot

et al. 2024

Journal of Morphology

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The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the tongue of the okapi, and to compare the results with other ruminants including browsers, intermediates and grazers. The material was collected post‐mortem from two animals from a Zoological Garden. The structure of the okapi tongue, focusing of the shape of the tongue, lingual surface, its papillae and lingual glands, was examined using gross morphology, light and polarized microscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy. The okapi tongue was characterized by dark pigmentation on the lingual dorsum (except lingual torus) and on the whole ventral surface. Two types of filiform papillae were observed, with additional, even 6–8 projections at their base. The round fungiform papillae were present at a higher density, up to 16/cm2, on the ventro‐lateral area of the lingual apex. Round and elongate vallate papillae were arranged in two parallel lines between the body and root of the tongue. Numerous taste buds were detected within the epithelium of their vallum, while fungiform papillae had sparse taste buds. A lack of foliate papillae was noted. Very small conical papillae, some lenticular in shape, were present on the lingual torus. Thick collagen type I fibers were dominant over collagen type III fibers in the connective tissue of the lingual papillae. The mucous acini units were dominant among lingual glands, indicating that the secretion of okapi lingual glands was mostly mucous. In many aspects, the tongue of okapi resembles the tongue of other ruminants. The specific lingual shape and lingual surface, together with the lingual glands, support the processing of plant food, such as young and soft leaves. Although okapi tongue is characterized by smaller conical papillae compared to other ruminants, its high number of vallate papillae is similar that found in other browsers, intermediate and grazers. Thus the number of gustatory papillae rather indicates that this feature is not related to the type of feeding.

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Extending the enteric nervous system

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

The Sensory Innervation of the Human Pharynx: Searching for Mechanoreceptors

The Sensory Innervation of the Human Pharynx: Searching for Mechanoreceptors

Neuronal chromatolysis in the subgemmal plexus of gustatory papillae in horses with grass sickness

Morphological adaptation of the tongue of okapi (Okapia johnstoni Artiodactyla, Giraffidae)—Anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure

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