Extending the neuron doctrine: Carl Ludwig Schleich (1859–1922) and his reflections on neuroglia at the inception of the neural-network concept in 1894

Dierig, Sven

doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90129-5

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Retraction of such ensheathment results in increased interaction levels between neurons, and increases the amount of hormones secreted from the neurons, such as the oxytocin/vasopressin-secreting neurons in the supraoptic nucleus106–107. A much earlier related suggestion was that this was, by insertion of astrocytic processes into the synaptic cleft, inhibiting synaptic activity 108. Pharmacological manipulation of astrocytic coverage of synapses constitutes a potential powerful therapeutic target.…”

Section: Functions Of Mature Protoplasmic Astrocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of Astrocytes and their Potential As Therapeutic Targets

Kimelberg

Nedergaard²

2010

Neurotherapeutics

346

258

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Summary:Astrocytes are often referred to, and historically have been regarded as, support cells of the mammalian CNS. Work over the last decade suggests otherwise-that astrocytes may in fact play a more active role in higher neural processing than previously recognized. Because astrocytes can potentially serve as novel therapeutic targets, it is critical to understand how astrocytes execute their diverse supportive tasks while maintaining neuronal health. To that end, this review focuses on the supportive roles of astrocytes, a line of study relevant to essentially all acute and chronic neurological diseases, and critically re-evaluates our concepts of the functional properties of astrocytes and relates these functions and properties to the intricate morphology of these cells.

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Section: Functions Of Mature Protoplasmic Astrocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functions of Astrocytes and their Potential As Therapeutic Targets

Kimelberg

Nedergaard²

2010

Neurotherapeutics

346

258

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“…In general, hypotheses suggesting an association between structure and function -when properly constructed -are of great value in sparking discussions on possible correlations or causal relationships, among elements placed within both levels of analysis. In fact, the history of neuroscience shows numerous examples of the fertility of such an approach (e.g., Dierig, 1994;Mountcastle, 1997). Yet, in order to become part of a sound theory of brain function -or even to draw a provisional, reasonable concept from such observations -those correlations are necessarily in need of additional, experimental proof.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral cortex astroglia and the brain of a genius: A propos of A. Einstein's

Colombo

Reisin

Miguel-Hidalgo

et al. 2006

Brain Research Reviews

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The glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive astroglial layout of the cerebral cortex from Albert Einstein and other four age-matched human cases lacking any known neurological disease was analyzed using quantification of geometrical features mathematically defined. Several parameters (parallelism, relative depth, tortuosity) describing the primate-specific interlaminar glial processes did not show individually distinctive characteristics in any of the samples analyzed. However, A. Einstein's astrocytic processes showed larger sizes and higher numbers of interlaminar terminal masses, reaching sizes of 15 μm in diameter. These bulbous endings are of unknown significance and they have been described occurring in Alzheimer's disease. These observations are placed in the context of the general discussion regarding the proposal -by other authors -that structural, postmortem characteristics of the aged brain of Albert Einstein may serve as markers of his cognitive performance, a proposal to which the authors of this paper do not subscribe, and argue against.

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“…Other important contributors to this theory were the Swedish anatomist Gustaf Retzius, the Norwegian Arctic explorer Fridtjof Nansen, the founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud, the English anatomist and physiologist Edward Schafer, the Hungarian anatomist Michá el von Lenhossék, the Swiss physician Albrecht von Kölliker, and Carl Ludwig Schleich, who was a surgeon and anesthetist in Berlin [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Neuronists and Reticularistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuron Theory

Fodstad

2001

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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In 1740 the Swedish scientist and philosopher Emmanuel Swedenborg described what is the first known anticipation of the neuron (a nerve cell with its processes). One hundred years later Ehrenberg, Remak and Purkinje recognized the nerve cell as the important element of the nervous system and provided its first accurate description. Vilhelm von Waldeyer in 1891 proposed to call the unit ‘neuron’ from the Greek word for ‘sinew’. The ‘neuron theory’ or ‘neuron doctrine’, which emerged at the end of the 19th century, asserts that nerve tissue is composed of individual cells, which are genetic, anatomic, functional and trophic units. The pioneers of the neuron doctrine included neuroscientists, physicians, a polar explorer and three Nobel Laureates. The classic neuron doctrine has served well as the theoretical basis for the great advances in our current understanding of the cellular basis of nervous system functions.

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Extending the neuron doctrine: Carl Ludwig Schleich (1859–1922) and his reflections on neuroglia at the inception of the neural-network concept in 1894

Cited by 26 publications

References 18 publications

Functions of Astrocytes and their Potential As Therapeutic Targets

Functions of Astrocytes and their Potential As Therapeutic Targets

Cerebral cortex astroglia and the brain of a genius: A propos of A. Einstein's

The Neuron Theory

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