Extending the Schema.org Vocabulary for More Expressive Accommodation Annotations

Kärle, Elias; Şimşek, Umutcan; Akbar, Zaenal; Hepp, Martin; Fensel, Dieter

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51168-9_3

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The problem of common vocabularies often lies in the level of precision over domain-specific ontologies. For example, until version 3.0, Schema.org lacked the ability to describe the number of beds in a room, or whether pets are allowed or not [15]. One of the main goals of tourism-specific vocabularies is to achieve a better interoperability and integration of travel information systems [16].…”

Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of Semantic Web in Austrian Regional Tourism Organizations

Lohvynenko

Nedbal

2019

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in Austria. Given the high internationality degree of Austrian visitors, the websites of regional tourism organizations (RTOs) are an essential source of information. A state-of-the-art tourism website should include semantic markup for touristic topics so that search engines and other intelligent software applications can access and understand the presented data. This paper empirically studies the usage of Semantic Web formats, ontologies and topics relevant for tourism on the websites of all 137 Austrian RTOs. Results show that 59% of the RTOs use semantic markup. Most regions adhere to the recommendations of leading search engines utilizing ontologies such as Schema.org and the formats Microdata and JSON-LD. While most semantic markup incorporates basic information (e.g. navigation, addresses, corporate data), only few Austrian RTOs annotate touristic relevant topics that would contribute to unlock the full potential of the Semantic Web such as regional events, accommodations, blog posts, images or social media.

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Section: Background and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usage of Semantic Web in Austrian Regional Tourism Organizations

Lohvynenko

Nedbal

2019

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…But an analysis of the distribution of schema.org amongst hotels [4] showed, that the current state of schema.org in tourism and especially in the accommodation business has too little adoption to be used as a data source. Yet, due to its growing uptake, driven by the big search engine providers, we still decided to work with schema.org, and to first extend the schema.org vocabulary for the accommodation sector [7] (released as part of schema.org 3.1 4 ) and then fostering the distribution of schema.org in the whole tourism sector. Only having touristic websites annotated with schema.org would ensure the repeatability of the data aggregation process in the long run and at the same time help the touristic websites make their content more visible by implicitly applying semantic search engine optimization.…”

Section: Feeding the Graphmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For accommodation data, data about the regional events and infrastructure we worked with Feratel 5 , a full stack touristic IT service provider, and Infomax 6 . For geodata we cooperated with General Solutions, a company specialized on visualizing geospatial information on web maps 7 . A generic source for touristic data we annotated was Outdooractive 8 and besides that also data about ski schools and ski lessons, provided by the company Waldhart Software 9 .…”

Section: Feeding the Graphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building an Ecosystem for the Tyrolean Tourism Knowledge Graph

Kärle

Şimşek

Panasiuk

et al. 2018

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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The introduction of the schema.org vocabulary was a big step towards making websites machine read-and understandable. Due to schema.org's RDF-like nature storing annotations in a graph database is easy and efficient. In this paper the authors show how they gather touristic data in the Austrian region of Tirol and provide this data publicly in a knowledge graph. The definition of subsets of the vocabulary is followed by providing means to map data sources efficiently to schema.org and then store the annotated content into the graph. To showcase the consumption of the touristic data four scenarios are described which use the knowledge graph for real life applications and data analysis.

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“…Also schema.org is already widely distributed amongst hotels, as we could find out in two studies 21,22 and comprehensively applied to some destination management organisation (DMO) websites 23 . In recent works we also worked on the extension of the schema.org vocabulary for the hotel domain 24 , so we know that vertical and its key figures very well.…”

Section: Use Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Readable Web APIs with Schema.org Action Annotations

Şimşek

Kärle

Fensel

2018

Procedia Computer Science

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The schema.org initiative led by the four major search engines curates a vocabulary for describing web content. The number of semantic annotations on the web are increasing, mostly due to the industrial incentives provided by those search engines. The annotations are not only consumed by search engines, but also by other automated agents like intelligent personal assistants (IPAs). However, only annotating data is not enough for automated agents to reach their full potential. Web APIs should be also annotated for automating service consumption, so the IPAs can complete tasks like booking a hotel room or buying a ticket for an event on the fly. Although there has been a vast amount of effort in the semantic web services field, the approaches did not gain too much adoption outside of academia, mainly due to lack of concrete incentives and steep learning curves. In this paper, we suggest a lightweight, bottom-up approach based on schema.org actions to annotate Web APIs. We analyse schema.org vocabulary in the scope of lightweight semantic web services literature and propose extensions where necessary. We show that schema.org actions could be a suitable vocabulary for Web API description. We demonstrate our work by annotating existing Web APIs of accommodation service providers. Additionally, we briefly demonstrate how these APIs can be used dynamically, for example, by a dialogue system. actions † Throughout the paper, the term "Web API" refers to all HTTP APIs that adopt a certain resource hierarchy and run over HTTP. For the sake of clarity, we ignore the fact that not all "RESTful APIs" are following all REST architectural design principles. Throughout the paper "RESTful Web Service/API and "Web API" terms may be used interchangeably

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Extending the Schema.org Vocabulary for More Expressive Accommodation Annotations

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Usage of Semantic Web in Austrian Regional Tourism Organizations

Usage of Semantic Web in Austrian Regional Tourism Organizations

Building an Ecosystem for the Tyrolean Tourism Knowledge Graph

Machine Readable Web APIs with Schema.org Action Annotations

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