Extensin—a major cell wall glycoprotein

Wilson, Leslie; Fry, John C.

doi:10.1111/1365-3040.ep11611674

Plant Cell & Environment

1986

DOI: 10.1111/1365-3040.ep11611674

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Extensin—a major cell wall glycoprotein

Leslie Wilson

John C. Fry

Abstract: The structure of extensin is described in detail. It has a hydroxyproline‐rich backbone, which contains repeating peptides glycosylated by short side chains and it adopts a polyproline II helical conformation. The glycoprotein is synthesized intracellularly and soluble precursors are secreted to the wall, where they are bound, perhaps, by the formation of isodityrosine cross‐links. The various hypotheses, including the most recent ‘warp and weft’ model, which have been suggested to explain the attachment of ex… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications

References 114 publications

(128 reference statements)

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The apoplast — its significance for the nutrition of higher plants

Sattelmacher

Mühling

Pennewiß

1998

J Plant Nutrition & Soil

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Since the fundamental work of the botanist Ernst Munch there has been a clear differentiation between a symplastic and an apoplastic compartment of plants, separated by the plasmalemma. In contrast to the symplast, the apoplast was considered as being dead and hence attracted little interest. It is not before the late seventies of this century that plant scientists realised that processes such as growth and differentiation as well as signal transduction may not be understood without accounting for apoplastic processes. Since then growing evidence has supported the view that apoplastic properties are of significance for such diverse processes as genotypic variation in nutrient efficiency and tolerance against adverse ion relations, for plant/microbe interaction, or for water and nutrient transport. In this contribution we review apoplastic properties and processes in relation to plant mineral nutrition. Examples are taken from work being conducted in the scope of the special research project of the German Research Foundation “The apoplast of higher plants: compartment for storage, transport and reactions” and especially from own work.

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The apoplast — its significance for the nutrition of higher plants

Sattelmacher

Mühling

Pennewiß

1998

J Plant Nutrition & Soil

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Plant fibres: Botany, chemistry and processing for industrial use

McDougall¹,

Morrison²,

Stewart³

et al. 1993

J Sci Food Agric

139

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Abstract:Fibres from plant sources have been used by man for many generations and there is increasing interest in the potential use of such fibres from non-tree sources for various applications. This review brings together most of the relevant literature on the botany, chemistry and processing. The different cell types are explained and those which produce fibres are highlighted in conjunction with the actual plants involved. The chemistry of the plant cell wall is addressed with special consideration to the components of fibre cell walls and the biosynthesis, where known, is explained. Finally, the various methods for processing fibres into valuable industrial raw materials are detailed along with some prospective new technologies.

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Fungal elicitors induce a transient release of active oxygen species from cultured spruce cells that is dependent on Ca2+ and protein-kinase activity

Schwacke

Hager

1992

Planta

233

160

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Cell-wall components from the ectomycorrhizal fungi Amanita muscaria and Hebeloma crustuliniforme and from the spruce pathogen Heterobasidion annosum elicited a transient release of active oxygen species from cultured spruce cells (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Since the detection of active oxygen was suppressed by catalase, H2O2 was assumed to be the prevailing O2 species. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase enhanced the concentration of detectable H2O2 indicating that the superoxide anion was formed before dismutating to H2O2. The elicitors induced the formation of active oxygen in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, elicitors from mycorrhizal fungi had a lower H2O2-inducing activity than equal amounts of cell-wall preparations from the pathogen H. annosum. In Ca(2+)-depleted medium the production of active oxygen by elicitor-treated spruce cells was suppressed. Additionally, the ionophore A 23187 induced active oxygen formation in a medium with Ca(2+) but not in a Ca(2+)-depleted medium. Furthermore, the protein-kinase inhibitor staurosporine inhibited the oxidative burst. At a concentration of 34 nM the effect was diminished to 50%. From these results it is suggested that the release of active oxygen species from cultured spruce cells triggered by cell-wall-derived fungal elicitors depends on external Ca(2+) and a protein-kinase activity. In these respects the effect shows similarities with the well-studied respiratory burst of mammalian neutrophils.

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Extensin—a major cell wall glycoprotein

Cited by 26 publications

References 114 publications

The apoplast — its significance for the nutrition of higher plants

The apoplast — its significance for the nutrition of higher plants

Plant fibres: Botany, chemistry and processing for industrial use

Fungal elicitors induce a transient release of active oxygen species from cultured spruce cells that is dependent on Ca2+ and protein-kinase activity

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