Plant fibres: Botany, chemistry and processing for industrial use

McDougall, Gordon J.; Morrison, Ian M.; Stewart, Derek; Weyers, J D B; Hillman, J R

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740620102

Cited by 139 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The main component of the inner layers of cell wall is cellulose. This is evidenced by binding of CBM3-carbohydrate-binding module specific for crystalline cellulose [37] and also by high content of cellulose in hemp fibers [2,3]. The content of hemicelluloses in hemp fibers is reduced at advanced stages of hemp fiber development [15], which may be due to the increasing proportion of cellulose-enriched inner cell wall layers.…”

Section: Cell Wall Thickeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final fiber dimensions of primary phloem fibers in hemp may differ depending on the variety and growth conditions. The final length of such fiber is reported between 5000 and 100,000 μm, with modal class being around 20,000 μm, and variations in fiber diameters, which could vary between 15 and 40 μm [2,15,[23][24][25]. Thus, the ratio of cell length and cell width in a primary fiber of hemp may constitute several thousands, being among the highest in plant cells.…”

Section: Intrusive Elongation Of Primary and Secondary Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cells are developed within hemp stem and have specific morphological and mechanical parameters. Hemp fibers, same as fibers of flax, ramie, nettle, and some other fiber crops, are distinguished by high-cellulose content [1][2][3]. The quality of such fibers varies depending on both the processing and the properties developed in planta [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Hemp Fibers: The Key Components of Hemp Plastic Composites

Tatyana¹,

Mikshina²,

Vadim³

et al. 2018

Natural and Artificial Fiber-Reinforced Composites as Renewable Sources

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Plant fibers in general and hemp fibers in particular have great prospects for their use in various innovative applications such as ecological, biodegradable, and renewable resources with unique properties. Such properties together with the increased strength due to high-cellulose content and specific morphological parameters are widely used to produce plant fiber-based plastic composites. The properties of plant fibers that may influence the properties of composites depend on crop processing, but the basis for them is provided during fiber development in planta. It is known that two types of bast fibers are developed in the hemp stem: primary fibers formed from procambium cells and secondary fibers that originate as a result of cambium activity. Both types of fibers may significantly vary in their yield and quality depending on the variety and growth conditions. Differences in the anatomical and morphological characteristics of the two types of hemp fibers, together with peculiarities in the composition and architecture of cell wall, influence the technical parameters of the raw material quality. Based on our study of both primary and secondary fiber development in hemp stem that was focused on the two key stages, intrusive elongation and deposition of thick cell wall layers, we suggest the set of parameters that can influence the quality of the mature fibers and trace their biological origin.

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Section: Cell Wall Thickeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intrusive Elongation Of Primary and Secondary Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of Hemp Fibers: The Key Components of Hemp Plastic Composites

Tatyana¹,

Mikshina²,

Vadim³

et al. 2018

Natural and Artificial Fiber-Reinforced Composites as Renewable Sources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In case of intrusive growth, elongation of the cell occurs at a rate exceeding that of the conjoint cells. Intrusively growing cells penetrate between other cells and have to force their way in between walls of other cells, surpassing, in case of bast fibers, thousands of neighboring cells and reaching the length of several centimeters (McDougall et al 1993). This asynchronous elongation with the surrounding cells must have a specific mechanism and regulation, which both still are largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type

Ageeva

Petrovská

Kieft

et al. 2005

Planta

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Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) phloem fibers elongate considerably during their development and intrude between existing cells. We questioned whether fiber elongation is caused by cell tip growth or intercalary growth. Cells with tip growth are characterized by having two specific zones of cytoplasm in the cell tip, one with vesicles and no large organelles at the very tip and one with various organelles amongst others longitudinally arranged cortical microtubules in the subapex. Such zones were not observed in elongating flax fibers. Instead, organelles moved into the very tip region, and cortical microtubules showed transversal and helical configurations as known for cells growing in intercalary way. In addition, pulse-chase experiments with Calcofluor White resulted in a spotted fluorescence in the cell wall all over the length of the fiber. Therefore, it is concluded that fiber elongation is not achieved by tip growth but by intercalary growth. The intrusively growing fiber is a coenocytic cell that has no plasmodesmata, making the fibers a symplastically isolated domain within the stem.

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“…A tag de maior expressão apresentou 41 cópias na biblioteca de madeira e uma alta similaridade ao gene EG2 (MacDOUGALL et al, 1993). A lignificação inicia-se com a deposição de componentes da parede secundária e polímeros fenólicos de lignina formados a partir da polimerização de três diferentes álcoois hidroxicinamoil ou monolignóis, p-coumaril, coniferil e sinapil.…”

Section: Três Diferentes Tags Referentes à Ests Deunclassified

Caracterização de perfis transcricionais de folhas e da região cambial de Eucalyptus grandis usando o SAGE

Carvalho¹

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RESUMO Caracterização de perfis transcricionais de folhas e da região cambial de Eucalyptus grandis usando o SAGEApenas muito recentemente estratégias genômicas e pós-genômicas têm sido utilizadas em estudos de espécies arbóreas importantes na silvicultura. Nos países tropicais, a exemplo do Brasil, as espécies de eucalipto são especialmente importantes nos plantios comerciais principalmente destinados à indústria de papel e celulose. O eucalipto é caracterizado por elevadas taxas de crescimento e alta adaptabilidade resultante da interação de mecanismos moleculares e processos metabólicos ainda pouco conhecidos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal o estabelecimento de perfis transcricionais comparativos para folhas e para o xilema em formação de árvores de Eucalyptus grandis. O uso do método SAGE permitiu analisar 5864 genes dos quais 2247 (38%) puderam ser identificados. Foram encontrados 464 genes diferencialmente expressos, sendo 47 exclusivamente expressos na região cambial e 64 nas folhas. Além disso, as estratégias adotadas na identificação tags-genes permitiram que as SAGE tags fossem eficientemente utilizadas na diferenciação de isoformas gênicas tecido-específicas e de localização celular específica. Genes relacionados à fotossíntese, fotorrespiração e destoxificação celular foram preferencialmente encontrados na biblioteca SAGE de folhas, enquanto genes relacionados à síntese da parede celular, organização do citoesqueleto e respiração, foram preferencialmente expressos na biblioteca SAGE de madeira. Os níveis de expressão dos transcritos sugeriram a ocorrência de possíveis mecanismos de controle transcricional comum para grupos de genes funcionalmente relacionados e foram também utilizados para sugestão de genes e processos que representam alvos potenciais para o melhoramento do eucalipto.Palavras-chave: Eucalyptus, SAGE, folhas, xilema, fotossíntese, fotorrespiração, respiração, parede celular 9 ABSTRACT Caracterization of Eucalyptus grandis leaves and cambial region transcriptomes using SAGERecently genomic and post-genomic strategies have been used to study important tree species in planted forests. In the tropical countries, like Brazil, Eucalyptus species are especially important in commercial plantations destined for the paper and cellulose industry. Eucalyptus species are characterized by their high growth rates and great adaptability resulting from the interaction between molecular mechanisms and metabolic processes that are still uncharacterized. Thus, the main goal of this work was the comparison of the transcriptional profiles from leaves and the cambial region of Eucalyptus grandis trees. The use of SAGE allowed the evaluation of 5864 expressed tags of which 2247 (38%) could be identified. 464 differentially expressed tags were indicated, of which 47 were exclusively expressed in the cambial region library and 64 in the leaf library. Furthermore, the strategies used in the tag mapping process allowed an efficient use of the SAGE tags to distinguish gene isoform...

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Plant fibres: Botany, chemistry and processing for industrial use

Cited by 139 publications

References 89 publications

Development of Hemp Fibers: The Key Components of Hemp Plastic Composites

Development of Hemp Fibers: The Key Components of Hemp Plastic Composites

Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type

Caracterização de perfis transcricionais de folhas e da região cambial de Eucalyptus grandis usando o SAGE

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