Extensive physiological integration in <i>Carex arenaria</i> and <i>Carex disticha</i> in relation to potassium and water availability

D’Hertefeldt, Tina; Falkengren‐Grerup, Ursula

doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00529.x

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In good environments the ability to arrange ramets spatially becomes more important: in particular, clumpers with clumps of diameter comparable to the size of the interaction neighbourhood have a great advantage. This would support the notion that phalanx species are better competitors in more productive environments whereas species capable of guerrilla-type growth are better competitors in poor environments (Gough et al, 2001;D'Hertefeldt and Falkengren-Grerup, 2002). Second, there are also differences according to the architectural rules.…”

Section: Competitive Abilitysupporting

confidence: 53%

Physiological integration affects growth form and competitive ability in clonal plants

Herben

2004

Evol Ecol

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Clonal plants translocate resources through spacers between ramets. Translocation can be advantageous if a plant occurs in heterogeneous environments ('division of labour'); however, because plants interact locally, any spatial arrangement of ramets generates some heterogeneity in light and nutrients even if there is no external heterogeneity. Thus the capacity of a clonal plant to exploit heterogeneous environment must operate in an environment where heterogeneity is partly shaped by the plant growth itself. Since most experiments use only simple systems of two connected ramets, plant-level effects of translocation are unknown. A spatially explicit simulation model of clonal plant growth, competition and translocation is used to identify whether different patterns of translocation have the potential to affect the growth form of the plant and its competitive ability. The results show that different arrangements of translocation sinks over the spacer system can completely alter clonal morphology. Both runners and clumpers can be generated using the same architectural rules by changing translocation only. The effect of translocation strongly interacts with the architectural rules of the plant growth: plants with ramets staying alive when a spacer is formed are much less sensitive to change in translocation than plants with ramets only at the tip. If translocation cost is low, translocating plants are in most cases better competitors than plants that do not translocate; the difference becomes stronger in more productive environments. Key traits that confer competitive ability are total number of ramet, and their fine-scale aggregation.

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Section: Competitive Abilitysupporting

confidence: 53%

Physiological integration affects growth form and competitive ability in clonal plants

Herben

2004

Evol Ecol

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“…With its larger structure, C. arenaria can probably comb out more atmospheric N via its leaves as Ammophila arenaria does (Heil and others 1988). The N-content and N/P-ratio of Carex increase with rising N-deposition mainly at older successional stages, but no correlation was apparent between different soil N-forms and Carex tissue N. At older successional stages, atmospheric N may therefore contribute more to the nutrition of Carex than soil-derived N. With its extensive rhizome network, C. arenaria can exploit and transport temporally and spatially widespread resources nearly all year round (Noble and Marshall 1983;D'Hertenfeld and Falkengren-Grerup 2002;D'Hertenfeld and Jonsdottir 1999) and thereby efficiently use the surplus nitrogen supply. C. arenaria finally wins the competition under higher N-loads.…”

Section: Which Processes Change During Grass Encroachment?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Atmospheric Nitrogen Loads Lead to Grass Encroachment in Coastal Dunes, but Only on Acid Soils

et al. 2009

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The impact of atmospheric N-deposition on succession from open sand to dry, lichen-rich, short grassland, and tall grass vegetation dominated by Carex arenaria was surveyed in 19 coastal dune sites along the Baltic Sea. Coastal dunes with acid or slightly calcareous sand reacted differently to atmospheric wet deposition of 5-8 kg N ha -1 y -1 . Accelerated acidification, as well as increased growth of Carex and accumulation of organic matter, was observed only at acid sites with pH NaCl of the parent material below 6.0. At sites with slightly calcareous parent material, increased N-deposition had no effect. A trigger for grass encroachment seems to be high acidification in early successional stages to below pH NaCl 4.0. Metals like Al or Fe become freely available and may hamper intolerant species. At acid sites, N-mineralization increases with elevated N-deposition, which may further stimulate Carex arenaria. Due to high growth plasticity, efficient resource allocation and tolerance of high metal concentrations, C. arenaria is a superior competitor under these conditions and can start to dominate the dune system. Carex-dominated vegetation is species-poor. Even at the moderate Nloads in this study, foliose lichens, forbs and grasses were reduced in short grass vegetation at acid sites. Species indicating these first effects of atmospheric deposition on dry, lichen-rich, short grasslands are identified and recommendations for restoration of grass-encroached sites given.

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“…This suggests that the degree of physiological coordination between the tendril and the touched plant is affected by the physiological organ integration. The degree of physiological integration and resource transportation between connected plants can be affected by the distance between them [36,37]. Therefore, the internal physiological environment may be shared between plants connected via stems to a greater extent than between those connected via rhizomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-discrimination in the tendrils of the vine Cayratia japonica is mediated by physiological connection

Fukano

Yamawo

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Although self-discrimination has been well documented, especially in animals, self-discrimination in plants has been identified in only a few cases, such as self-incompatibility in flowers and root discrimination. Here, we report a new form of self-discrimination in plants: discrimination by vine tendrils. We found that tendrils of the perennial vine Cayratia japonica were more likely to coil around neighbouring non-self plants than neighbouring self plants in both experimental and natural settings. The higher level of coiling around a physiologically severed self plant compared with that around a physiologically connected self plant suggested that self-discrimination was mediated by physiological coordination between the tendril and the touched plant as reported for self-discrimination in roots. The results highlight the importance of self-discrimination for plant competition not only underground, but also above-ground.

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Extensive physiological integration in Carex arenaria and Carex disticha in relation to potassium and water availability

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Physiological integration affects growth form and competitive ability in clonal plants

Physiological integration affects growth form and competitive ability in clonal plants

Low Atmospheric Nitrogen Loads Lead to Grass Encroachment in Coastal Dunes, but Only on Acid Soils

Self-discrimination in the tendrils of the vine Cayratia japonica is mediated by physiological connection

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