Extent of Received Antenatal Care Components in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Panel Study

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the extent of antenatal care content received and associated factors among Ethiopian women. Methods: A nationally representative Performance Monitoring for Action 2020 Ethiopian data were used. A multistage cluster sampling design was used to select 2855 pregnant or recently postpartum women nested within 217 enumeration areas. Female resident enumerators collected the data using a semi-structured questionnaire. Researchers dichotomized the number of ANC content received greater than or equal to 75 percentiles as adequate. Otherwise, it was considered inadequate. A multilevel Poisson regression was fitted. The result was reported using an incidence rate ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: The study revealed more than a quarter of pregnant women received adequate ANC content (27.8%; 95% CI: 23.8%, 32.2%). Multivariable analysis revealed urban residence (IRR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.21), attending secondary and above formal education (IRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.16), maternal age 20-24 years (IRR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.19), and partner's encouragement to attend clinic for antenatal care (IRR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.24) was significantly associated with receiving higher numbers of antenatal care content. Conclusion:The proportion of women who received adequate antenatal care content in Ethiopia was low. Despite Ethiopia's effort to improve maternal health services utilization, disparities among regions and between rural and urban exist. This study highlights the importance of ensuring high received antenatal care content, which is crucial for reducing pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality. This implies prompt intersectoral collaboration to promote female education, target older aged women, and rural resident women, encourage partner involvements during the antenatal care process, minimize regional variation, and strengthen the implementation of received ANC content policies and programs with the active participation of the stakeholders are priority issues.

Number of antenatal care utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: zero-inflated Poisson regression of 2019 intermediate Ethiopian Demography Health Survey

“…The frequency of antenatal care visit was high in urban dwellers than rural residents. The finding is in line with previous researches [ 55 , 56 , 64 , 80 ]. Urban residence reduces distance to get services [ 81 – 84 ].…”

“…Women who lived in developing regions had low frequency of antenatal care utilization than women who resided in urban areas. The finding is agreed with previous researches in different parts of Africa [ 54 , 56 , 132 , 133 ]. There might be differences in socio-cultural, power relationships, accessibility of service in different parts of the country.…”

“…The odds of not attending antenatal care service were reduced when educational status is increased. The finding was supported by previous researches in Western Ethiopia [ 62 ], Ethiopia [ 56 ], rural Ethiopia [ 51 ], Kenya [ 90 ], Guinea [ 55 , 91 ], Afghanistan [ 64 ], Angola [ 54 ], East African countries [ 60 ], India [ 92 , 93 ], Ghana [ 94 ], Nepal [ 95 ], Nigeria [ 96 ]. Educated women might empowered to get services [ 97 – 102 ], education make women to have decision making [ 103 , 104 ].…”

Critical factors associated with postpartum maternal death in Ethiopia

“…This partly explains that attending ANC service encourages institutional delivery; however, it is not a guarantee for obtaining quality maternity service [69]. The uptake of the service may be compromised by various factors including the educational status of the women, the residence of the women, distance from the facility, and previous history of successful home delivery [70][71][72][73]. This suggests that the integration of ANC services with other maternal services and programs should be a priority to meet the ultimate objective of the ANC service.…”

Multilevel analysis of quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

“…Elsewhere studies in Ghana58 and Ethiopia18 59 revealed that women who had resided in rural areas were less likely to have quality ANC. This might be because the health infrastructures in the rural area are less developed and there are fewer trained health workers.…”