External hydrocephalus in primary hypomagnesaemia: a new finding

Bappal, Bhasker; Raghupathy, P.; Nair, Thushara; Ahmed, Syed Riaz; deSilva, Vasantha; Bhuyan, Bipul Chandra; Khusaiby, Saleh Mohammad Al

doi:10.1136/adc.81.6.505

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, it has been reported after numerous situations and conditions such as prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage [78, 87, 101, 115, 160], meningitis [77, 87], metabolic disorders [17], steroid therapy [66], chemotherapy [54], neurosurgery [80], and trauma [77, 87]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most reported cases, there is no obvious cause of the external hydrocephalus, and it is therefore classified as idiopathic. However, it has been reported after numerous situations and conditions such as prematurity and intraventricular hemorrhage [ 78 , 87 , 101 , 115 , 160 ], meningitis [ 77 , 87 ], metabolic disorders [ 17 ], steroid therapy [ 66 ], chemotherapy [ 54 ], neurosurgery [ 80 ], and trauma [ 77 , 87 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benign external hydrocephalus: a review, with emphasis on management

et al. 2011

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Benign external hydrocephalus in infants, characterized by macrocephaly and typical neuroimaging findings, is considered as a self-limiting condition and is therefore rarely treated. This review concerns all aspects of this condition: etiology, neuroimaging, symptoms and clinical findings, treatment, and outcome, with emphasis on management. The review is based on a systematic search in the Pubmed and Web of Science databases. The search covered various forms of hydrocephalus, extracerebral fluid, and macrocephaly. Studies reporting small children with idiopathic external hydrocephalus were included, mostly focusing on the studies reporting a long-term outcome. A total of 147 studies are included, the majority however with a limited methodological quality. Several theories regarding pathophysiology and various symptoms, signs, and clinical findings underscore the heterogeneity of the condition. Neuroimaging is important in the differentiation between external hydrocephalus and similar conditions. A transient delay of psychomotor development is commonly seen during childhood. A long-term outcome is scarcely reported, and the results are varying. Although most children with external hydrocephalus seem to do well both initially and in the long term, a substantial number of patients show temporary or permanent psychomotor delay. To verify that this truly is a benign condition, we suggest that future research on external hydrocephalus should focus on the long-term effects of surgical treatment as opposed to conservative management.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benign external hydrocephalus: a review, with emphasis on management

et al. 2011

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“…The prominence of the subarachnoid spaces is said generally to resolve in early childhood [9, 11, 12, 13], but the temporal course of this resolution has not been documented in detail. A family history consistent with autosomal dominant transmission is commonly present [11, 14], but prominence of the subarachnoid spaces, with or without macrocephaly, has been described as symptomatic of a variety of conditions, including glutaric acidemia type 1 [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22], achondroplasia [23], osteogenesis imperfecta [24, 25], Sotos syndrome [26, 27], Kniest disease [28], congenital myotonic dystrophy [29], occipital plagiocephaly [30], chronic glucocorticoid administration [31, 32]and hypomagnesemia [33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monozygotic Twins Discordant for External Hydrocephalus

Piatt

2001

Pediatr Neurosurg

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External hydrocephalus (EH) is a transient, developmental condition in infancy characterized by macrocephaly and prominence of the subarachnoid spaces. The cause is unknown, but many patients have a family history consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. This report describes a pair of monozygotic twins, only one of whom – the recipient of a twin-twin transfusion – has EH. Whatever the genotype of the twins, their discordant phenotypes suggest that the disproportionate calvarial growth that characterizes EH is set in motion – or not – during a limited, critical temporal window in fetal development.

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