With the implementation of China's carbon neutrality policy, the Yangtze River Delta region, as a benchmark for the development of China's logistics industry, calls for great concern, accompanying the energy consumption and environmental problems. In order to explore how China's logistics industry can achieve both energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) and high-quality development in the context of carbon neutrality, this study analyzes the relationship between the development of logistics industry and the economy, energy together with environment in the Yangtze River Delta region based on the data of China Statistical Yearbook from 2001 to 2019, by means of the Entropy method and PVAR model. The main findings are summarized as follows: firstly, the economy, industrial structure, energy and environment all have significant impact on the development of logistics industry in Yangtze River Delta region. Secondly, the development of logistics industry in Yangtze River Delta region is not balanced, and the provinces including Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Anhui have great differences in economy, industrial structure, demographic dividend, energy consumption and environmental protection, and the possibility of complementary advantages. Thirdly, the economic development and energy consumption are two-way effects. Environmental protection is relevant to economic development, industrial structure, energy consumption and logistics supply. Finally, in the context of carbon neutrality, this paper gives some suggestions on how to realize the high-quality development of logistics industry in Yangtze River Delta region while considering energy consumption and environmental protection.