External Supplement of Impulsive Micromanager Trichoderma Helps in Combating CO2 Stress in Rice Grown Under FACE

Comprehensive analysis of Trichoderma ressei mediated CO2 stress attenuating responses and de novo transcriptome sequencing of rice flag leaf

“…The flag leaf has been taken for the study, indicating its important role as it is the major site for the accumulation of metabolites and oxidative stress markers/enzymes in many crops, including rice (Yoshida, 1972). We have found positive responses of the Heena rice variety in comparison with Kiran at physiological, biochemical and transcript levels during eCO 2 conditions (Mishra et al, 2019) as well as in nutrient‐deficient conditions after the introduction of Trichoderma as a bio fertilizer (Singh et al, 2019). During gas exchange conditions, we found a minor percent change in physiological parameters of the Heena variety as compared to the Kiran variety as well as reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in both varieties during eCO 2 after the BF treatment.…”

“…The transplantation process involved the utilization of rice seedlings that were approximately 22–25 days old. The seedling roots underwent a pretreatment process in which they were exposed to Trichoderma ressei at a concentration of 6.0 × 10 6 colony‐forming units per milliliter in sterile distilled water for 60 min (Roberts et al, 2010; Mishra et al, 2019). During the weeding procedure, the soils were regularly aerated at specific intervals.…”

“…This study was conducted on two contrasting rice varieties, Heena (drought resistant) and Kiran (drought sensitive), with supplementation of Trichoderma (BF) at the vegetative stage during ambient CO 2 (aCO 2 ) and elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) at the Free Air Carbon‐di‐oxide Enrichment (FACE) site. Our previous study revealed adaptive behaviour in BF‐treated plants during eCO 2 by reducing percent change in yield‐related traits, increasing photosynthetic capacity and significant changes in roots and microbial diversity in the rhizospheric region (Mishra et al, 2019). Since the flag leaf is a major yield determinant in rice, our current study elaborates on the multifaceted role of BFs in adaptive response at the physiological, biochemical and transcriptional levels of the rice flag leaf (panicle stage) during eCO 2 conditions.…”

“…There is a need to study the effect of continuously increasing environmental CO 2 on rice productivity and yield. For this, a natural open system is required, which allows researchers to study its effects, known as the Free Air Concentration Enrichment System (FACE) (Lesaulnier et al, 2008, Mishra et al, 2019).…”