Extinction of Ethylene Dichloride Flames with Carbon Dioxide

Flammability of gaseous mixtures of ethylene oxide, nitrogen, and air

“…Similarly, 80% E.O., 20% air did not ignite, whereas 77% E.O., 23% air did ignite and burn. These limits agree closely with reported limits of 3.0 and 80.0 percent ethylene oxide [2]. It was found that, if a mixture required more than one attempt to ignite it, a further dilution by nitrogen by 5% would inevitably result in nonflammable mixtures.…”

An Ecological Study of the Tobacco Beetle, Lasioderma Serricorne Fabr., with Special Reference to Its Life History and Control

“…Many beetles were kept in empty glass jars during their whole lives without ever laying. Jones (1913) states that apparently unfertilized females wiii not lay eggs. The experiments reported here confirm this observation.…”

“…ft. four ounces of ethylene oxide produced a total mortality in two hours when the tank was filled with peanuts. Jones and Kennedy ( 1930) make the following statement relative to the fire hazard of ethylene oxide: "to render ethylene oxide-air mixture noninflammable under all conditions, at normal temperatures and pressures, at least 7.15 volumes of carbon dioxide per volume of ethylene oxide are required. As the molecular weight of ethylene oxide and carbon dioxide are practically the same, 7.15 pounds or more of carbon dioxide should be added to each pound of ethylene oxide to render it non-inflammable when mixed with air, and to insure a factor of sa:fety it is recommended that at least 7.5 pounds should be used where large volumes are to be fumigated, as in grain elevators, and where it is imperative from the standpoint of safety that a strictly non-inflammable mixture be used.…”

“…In 1909 Metcalf recommended the use of carbon bisulphide, gasoline, and hydrocyanic acid gas. Jones ( 1913) published an excellent account of control measures for the tobacco beetle. He recommended the use of carbon bisulphide, hydrocyanic acid gas, and high and low temperatures.…”

Simple Improvised Chambers for Gas Sterilization with Ethylene Oxide

“…Keeping the liquefied compound in simple containers presents a safety hazard in both storage and use, since the vapor is highly flammable in air in any concentration between 3 and 80 per cent by volume. For many years the compound has been commercially available, for fumigation or sterilization purposes, in combination with carbon dioxide,1 an inert diluent which renders the mixture nonflammable when present in air in anly proportion (Jones and Kennedy, 1930). Because of the high internal pressure exerted by the carbon dioxide, this mixture can be conitained onily in heavy steel cyiinders which are both costly and awkward to handle.…”