Extinction risk or lack of sampling in a threatened species: Genetic structure and environmental suitability of the neotropical frog Pristimantis penelopus (Anura: Craugastoridae)

Abstract

IUCN Red Lists have been a valuable tool to prioritize conservation plans in endemic neo

A new cryptic species of the Pristimantis lacrimosus group (Anura, Strabomantidae) from the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes

“…Similar findings have been previously reported by Ortega et al (2015), Páez and Ron (2019), and Ron et al (2020). As in previous reviews (e.g., Restrepo et al 2017;Páez and Ron 2019), we also found broad intraspecific and intrapopulation variation in dorsal color within P. petersioides sp. nov. (Figs 6, 7) and P. petersi (Fig.…”

A new rainfrog of the genus Pristimantis (Anura, Brachycephaloidea) from central and eastern Panama

“…nov. is most closely related to P. cruentus , a rainfrog species with a large variation in morphology and genetics ( Savage 2002 ; Crawford et al 2012 ) that will require more work to discern potentially different lineages. Including taxa from northern South America, the phylogenetic inferences match well with previous phylogenetic hypotheses, that place P. cruentus with P. erythropleura , P. penelopus (mis-labeled as P. paisa in Pinto-Sanchez et al 2012 according to Restrepo et al 2017 ), and P. cisnerosi into the same clade ( Reyes-Puig et al 2020 ). Among all these rainfrogs, P. gretathunbergae sp.…”

“…All other samples were grouped with high bootstrap support in their corresponding known species, with the lowest, yet still good support of 89.% for Group 3 ( P. erythropleura ) and 86.8% for Group 2 that consisted of single specimens originally labeled as P. cruentus ( SMF 97539), P. paisa (AJC 1344) and P. viejas (EMM 247), see also Reyes-Puig et al (2020) . However, these latter three specimens actually represent P. penelopus from northwestern Colombia, errors that were already addressed/corrected by Restrepo et al (2017) . The third specimen of Group 2 ( P. cruentus SMF 97539) is a close relative collected by us from a 200 km distant, montane site near the Pacific coast of Panama.…”

“…in northwestern Colombia ( Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid 1999 ), but has also been found as low as 94 m a.s.l. ( Restrepo et al 2017 ). The two confirmed samples of P. penelopus from the Cordillera Central exhibit a short 16S mtDNA genetic divergence of 4.8% to P. gretathunbergae (Table 1 ).…”

Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia

“…Males have spots on concealed surfaces of the thighs, a feature shared with Pristimantis viejas; nevertheless, these spots are usually yellow (sometimes forming a reticle) in P. penelopus and orange in P. viejas. Pristimantis penelopus is also similar to P. latidiscus from which it may distinguished in having a brown venter with cream flecking (in contrast to a cream venter with brown reticulation) (Lynch and Rueda-Almonacid 1999, Restrepo et al 2017). Pristimantis taeniatus (Boulenger, 1912) Material examined.…”