Extra-phosphoric effects of superdoses of a novel microbial phytase

Walk, C. L.; Bedford, M. R.; Santos, Tatiane Souza dos; Paiva, D. M.; Bradley, John R.; Wladecki, H.; Honaker, Christa F.; McElroy, A. P.

doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02727

Cited by 96 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Any negative effects of this reduction were most likely muted by enhanced digestibility of phytate P. Such effects have been noted elsewhere. Indeed, Walk et al [ 27 ] reported no deterioration in FI, FCR or BWG when 42 or 49-d-old broilers were fed corn-soybean diets which were apparently deficient in Ca and available P by 0.16%, and 0.15% respectively, as compared with the positive control diet. In that study, however, younger birds (0–21 d) did exhibit reduced BWG without changes in FI and FCR, suggesting that young chickens may be more susceptible to a marginal P deficiency than older birds [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Walk et al [ 27 ] reported no deterioration in FI, FCR or BWG when 42 or 49-d-old broilers were fed corn-soybean diets which were apparently deficient in Ca and available P by 0.16%, and 0.15% respectively, as compared with the positive control diet. In that study, however, younger birds (0–21 d) did exhibit reduced BWG without changes in FI and FCR, suggesting that young chickens may be more susceptible to a marginal P deficiency than older birds [ 27 ]. However, in our studies, there were no differences in BWG and FCR between the positive and negative controls from 1–14 d and 1–42 d of age, suggesting Ca and P were not limiting in either diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of phytase to the NC resulted in a large (1 pH unit) increase in ileal pH, such that it was significantly higher than all other treatments. Application of phytase would be expected to ease the constraints on gastric digestion such that inputs of HCl and pepsin can be reduced without compromising digestion and thus pH rises, as has been noted previously [ 27 ]. This would reduce the H ion content of the digesta effluxing from the gizzard and hence enable a more complete neutralisation of the digest—hence the elevated pH in the ileum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytase Modulates Ileal Microbiota and Enhances Growth Performance of the Broiler Chickens

et al. 2015

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Phytase is well studied and explored, however, little is known about its effects on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. In total, 400 one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental groups. The dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 complete factorial design, with the factors being adequate (PC) or insufficient calcium (Ca) and digestible phosphor (dP)(NC) and with or without 5000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of Escherichia coli 6-phytase. The gastrointestinal tract pH values, ileal microbial communities and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the digesta were determined. The reduction in Ca and dP concentration significantly affected pH in the crop and caeca, and addition of phytase to the NC resulted in a pH increase in the ileum. The reduction in Ca and dP concentration significantly lowered, while phytase supplementation increased ileal total bacterial counts. Additionally, the deficient diet reduced butyrate- but increased lactate-producing bacteria. The addition of phytase increased Lactobacillus sp./Enterococcus sp. whereas in case of Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium coccoides - Eubacterium rectale cluster, Bifidobacterium sp. and Streptococcus/Lactococcus counts, a significant Ca and dP level x phytase interaction was found. However, the recorded interactions indicated that the effects of phytase and Ca and dP levels were not consistent. Furthermore, the reduction of Ca and dP level lowered Clostridium perfringens and Enterobacteriaceae counts. The analysis of fermentation products showed that reducing the Ca and dP content in the diet reduced total SCFA, DL-lactate, and acetic acid in the ileum whereas phytase increased concentrations of these acids in the NC group. This suggests that P is a factor which limits fermentation in the ileum. It may be concluded that phytase plays a role in modulating the gut microbiota of chicken, however, this is clearly linked with the levels of P and Ca in a diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytase Modulates Ileal Microbiota and Enhances Growth Performance of the Broiler Chickens

et al. 2015

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“…Poultry represents the most efficient form of terrestrial animal protein: a modern commercial chicken can gain 3.48 kg in body weight by consuming just 6.37 kg of feed in 49 days (Walk et al, 2013). Although much of this efficiency is due to selective breeding and management practices such as supplementation of feed with exogenous enzymes, the importance of the gastrointestinal microbiome for poultry nutrition is increasingly being recognized.…”

Section: Importance Of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome For Gut Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chicken gastrointestinal microbiome

Oakley

Lillehoj

Kogut

et al. 2014

FEMS Microbiol Lett

578

484

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The domestic chicken is a common model organism for human biological research and of course also forms the basis of a global protein industry. Recent methodological advances have spurred the recognition of microbiomes as complex communities with important influences on the health and disease status of the host. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the chicken gastrointestinal microbiome focusing on spatial and temporal variability, the presence and importance of human pathogens, the influence of the microbiota on the immune system, and the importance of the microbiome for poultry nutrition. Review and meta-analysis of public data showed cecal communities dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroides at the phylum level, while at finer levels of taxonomic resolution, a phylogenetically diverse assemblage of microorganisms appears to have similar metabolic functions that provide important benefits to the host as inferred from metagenomic data. This observation of functional redundancy may have important implications for management of the microbiome. We foresee advances in strategies to improve gut health in commercial operations through management of the intestinal microbiota as an alternative to in-feed subtherapeutic antibiotics, improvements in pre- and probiotics, improved management of polymicrobial poultry diseases, and better control of human pathogens via colonization reduction or competitive exclusion strategies.

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“…Walk et al, 2013). In addition, there is little research comparing the effectiveness of genetically modified transgenic phytase corn (TPC) to commercially available phytase enzymes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conditioning Thermal Stability and Dose Effects of Commercially Available Phytase Preparations on Performance and Tibia Mineralization of Young Broiler Chickens

Homan¹

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Phytases have become a vital part of broiler diets due to their ability to decrease feed cost and potential environmental pollution caused by the use of excessive phosphorus. The objective of the first study was to compare the effects of various inclusions of a Transgenic Phytase Corn (TPC) to a Granulated Bacteria Phytase (GBP) on 21-d broiler performance and tibia mineralization. Treatments varied in non-phytate phosphorus (Negative control (NC) = 0.2, positive control (PC) = 0.4, 0.3, and 0.35), phytase product (TPC or GBP), and phytase dose (500-3000 FTU/kg). A 2x2 factorial analysis was performed with the main effects phytase activity and phytase product. The inclusion of granulated bacterial phytase resulted in increased broiler performance and tibia mineralization compared to the inclusion of transgenic phytase corn. This may be attributed to variations in dispersion of enzyme within the diet or the general efficacy of the expressed enzyme. The inclusion of a commercial phytase at 3,000 FTU/kg increased broiler performance and tibia mineralization compared to inclusion at 500 FTU/kg. These results may be due to a greater reduction of phytate, alleviating anti-nutrient effects. The objective of the second study was to evaluate the effects three commercial 6-phytase products with a phosphorus deficient diet subjected to increased steam conditioning temperatures on broiler performance and tibia mineralization. Treatments included a negative control, and a negative control with the addition of a Buttiauxella phytase expressed in Trichoderma reesei (B Trich), an E. coli phytase expressed in Pichia pastoris (E Pichia), or an E. coli phytase expressed in Trichoderma reesei (E Trich), steam conditioned at 82, 88, or 93°C, for a total of twelve treatments. Broiler performance and tibia mineralization were analyzed using a 4 x 3 factorial with the main effects of product and conditioning temperature. The commercial phytase products demonstrated differences in supporting the phosphorus requirement in broilers. Increasing conditioning temperatures had a detrimental effect on broiler performance and tibia mineralization. The increased conditioning temperatures may have decreased nutrient availability, denatured phytase products, or both of these events may have influenced the results.

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Extra-phosphoric effects of superdoses of a novel microbial phytase

Cited by 96 publications

References 18 publications

Phytase Modulates Ileal Microbiota and Enhances Growth Performance of the Broiler Chickens

Phytase Modulates Ileal Microbiota and Enhances Growth Performance of the Broiler Chickens

The chicken gastrointestinal microbiome

Conditioning Thermal Stability and Dose Effects of Commercially Available Phytase Preparations on Performance and Tibia Mineralization of Young Broiler Chickens

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