Extracellular matrix of reinke's space in some pathological conditions

Abstract

Vocal fold mucosa that has been damaged by smoking and phonotrauma may react by producing excessive ECM, resulting in RO. Both epithelial and stromal cells are in a state of higher metabolic activity, indicating their role in this production.

Incidência de alterações estruturais das pregas vocais associadas ao pólipo de prega vocal

“…Current literature states that the main etiology of vocal fold polyps is sudden vocal trauma, which causes hematoma formation in Reinke's space that can initiate an inflammatory process, which would be associated with polyp formation 1,2,3 . Vocal fold polyps are usually located in the anterior two-thirds of the vocal fold 4 , and they can eventually be found in other places (anterior and posterior commissures); they are usually bilateral, they can be pedicled or sessile, usually seen in men 1,3,5,6 .…”

“…There are those who develop polyps, others develop nodules and others do not develop injuries on the vocal folds after a speech trauma. Things like glottic configuration and exposure to chemical products and allergens have been used to explain the different types of speechtrauma lesions [1][2][3][4][5][6] . More recent studies discuss the different amounts of fibronectin and hyaluronic acid on the vocal folds of men and women, and that also explains why nodules prevail in women and polyps in men 6 .…”

Vocal Fold Self-Disruption After Phonotrauma On A Lead Actor: A Case Presentation

“…67 Histologically, this lesion has been characterized by a chaotic distribution of short, torn, and scattered connective fibers, marked by an excess of extracellular matrix. 68 This histologically loose structure may have been ripped apart due to high subglottic pressure and vocal fold stress related to the vocal demand of the scene. The vascular characteristic and increased permeability of blood vessels in the superficial layer 28,69 may explain the blood taste in the mouth right after the feeling of vocal release.…”

Qualitative Characterization of Elastic Fiber Distribution in the Mouse Vocal Fold: Further Development of an Animal Model

“…1,8 Human vocal folds consist of cellular components (epithelium, muscle, fibroblasts, macrophages, and myofibroblasts) and an extracellular matrix of fibrous and interstitial proteins. 2,[13][14][15][16] Elastin and collagen are the two predominant types of fibrous proteins found in the extracellular matrix of the human vocal fold lamina propria. In humans, the concentration of elastic fibers and collagen differs throughout the three lamina propria layers: minimal amounts of elastic fibers and collagen superficially, greater density of elastic fibers in the intermediate layer, and greater density of collagen fibers in the deep layer.…”

“…In humans, the concentration of elastic fibers and collagen differs throughout the three lamina propria layers: minimal amounts of elastic fibers and collagen superficially, greater density of elastic fibers in the intermediate layer, and greater density of collagen fibers in the deep layer. 2,14,16 The production of elastic fibers within all connective tissues in the body, including the vocal folds, is programmed by a single gene, the elastin gene (ELN), which has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 7 in humans, specifically to 7q11.2. 17 Elastic fiber assembly begins when ELN signals a cell to produce tropoelastin, a polypeptide that is the precursor to the elastin protein.…”