Extracellular Polysaccharides as Determinants of Leaf Spot Diseases Caused by Pseudomonads and Xanthomonads

Rudolph, K.; Groß, Michael; Neugebauer, Michael; Hokawat, S.; Zachowski, Alain; Wydra, Kerstin; Klement, Z.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73178-5_16

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This phenomenon seems to be related to the size of the molecules and their viscosity rather than to their structure (Harborne 1983) although some results on host specificity suggest a possible different behaviour. In fact, a certain relationship between toxicity and host specificity has been suggested for some bacterial leaf spot diseases (Rudolph et al 1989). However, the recent isolation of EPS from Cryphonectria parasitica (Corsaro et al 1998b), Phomopsis foeniculi (Corsaro et al 1998a), Pm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Production of phytotoxic metabolites by five species of Botryosphaeriaceae causing decline on grapevines, with special interest in the species Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum

Martos¹,

Andolfi

Luque³

et al. 2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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In recent years an increasing number of species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been associated with grapevine decline worldwide. Five species isolated from declining grapevines in Spain (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella viticola, Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum) were checked for toxin production in liquid cultures. Cultural conditions for all fungi were adjusted to obtain optimal production of phytotoxic culture filtrates, by growing the fungi in steady liquid cultures of Czapek-Dox broth for different time intervals. Phytotoxicity of D. seriata and N. parvum reached a maximum after 14 days while the remaining species showed the highest phytotoxicity levels after 21 days in culture. All fungi produced hydrophilic high-molecular weight compounds with phytotoxic properties. In addition, N. luteum and N. parvum produced lipophilic lowmolecular weight phytotoxins, not detected consistently among the remaining species. This led to a more exhaustive study on the phytotoxicity of N. luteum and N. parvum. Culture filtrates and corresponding extracts of both species were consistently highly phytotoxic in different assays. The gas-chromatography analysis of the acetylated O-methyl glycosides of the phytotoxic exopolysaccharides produced by N. parvum showed these substances to be composed mainly of glucose, mannose and galactose. Results suggest that phytotoxic metabolites could be involved in the virulence of both species in planta.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Production of phytotoxic metabolites by five species of Botryosphaeriaceae causing decline on grapevines, with special interest in the species Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum

Martos¹,

Andolfi

Luque³

et al. 2008

Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…nerii is an hetero-polymer mainly composed of four different monosaccharides (fucose, galactose, 2-deoxy-2-acetoammidoglucose and 2-deoxy-2-acetoammidogalactose), and having a complex and heterogeneous structure (Corsaro et al 2001b). In addition, neither of the EPSs contain alginate, a common component of other Pseudomonad EPSs (Leigh and Coplin 1992, Rudolph et al 1989, Rudolph et al 1994. The fact that three EPSs with different chemical compositions affect metabolic pathways involved in plant responses against pathogens, suggests that an alteration of plant metabolism is commonly induced by many EPSs, even if not by all.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exopolysaccharides Produced by Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Affect Ascorbate Metabolism in Nicotiana tabacum

Pinto

Lavermicocca

Evidente

et al. 2003

Plant and Cell Physiology

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The role of the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by plant pathogenic bacteria has not completely clarified, they are considered either molecules able to avoid or delay the activation of plant defences, or acting as signal in the plantpathogen cross-talk. In order to understand whether EPSs are recognized by infected plant cells and are able to induce the activation of plant defence responses, their capability to induce metabolic alteration in tobacco cells has been analysed. The results indicate that several EPSs, even if not chemically related, induce increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, a marker enzyme of defence responses of plants against stress; but others are completely ineffective. The EPSs affecting phenylalanine ammonia-lyase also induce an increase in hydrogen peroxide production. Moreover, they alter the metabolism of ascorbate, another parameter indicative of the presence of stress conditions and the involvement of which in the hypersensitive reaction has been recently reported. The possibility that specific EPSs could act as signals in the plant-pathogenic bacteria interaction is discussed.

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“…For example, all produce a marked quantity of exopolysaccharide polymers, a well-known virulence factor of the Pssc (Yu et al 1999). Studies on the exopolysaccharides produced by the Pssc in planta indicate that alginate is the major exopolysaccharide produced in water-soaked lesions (Osman et al 1986;Rudolph et al 1989). Alginate production by some strains in the Pssc has been associated with increased epiphytic fitness, resistance to desiccation and toxic molecules, and the induction of water-soaked lesions on infected leaves (Yu et al 1999).…”

Section: Economic Importance Disease Outbreaks and Their Hotspotsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insights into epidemiology and control of diseases of annual plants caused by the Pseudomonas syringae species complex

Lamichhane¹,

Messéan²,

Morris³

2015

J Gen Plant Pathol

105

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The plant pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae species complex (Pssc) causes diseases of hundreds of species of monocots, herbaceous dicots and woody dicots worldwide. On annual plants, reports of disease caused by the Pssc have markedly increased in the last years. Hence, efforts are needed to mitigate the consequences of increasing disease outbreaks and to understand the underlying epidemiological factors. Here, we have reviewed the literature to highlight the salient features of the Pssc as pathogens of annual plant species and to underscore what remains unknown about the diseases they cause. The major points are as follows: (1) Since only the beginning of this century, 72 reports of disease outbreaks in 20 countries have been associated with the Pssc on over 40 annual plant species; (2) disease incidence caused by the Pssc on annual plants ranges from 50 to 100 % in epidemic years; (3) seed infestation is the main cause of long-distance pathogen dissemination; (4) foliar disease symptoms are very common on annual plants although the Pssc causes symptoms on fruits of bean, cantaloupe, cucumber, okra and tomato; (5) environmental factors such as rainfall and humidity have important roles in the Pssc disease epidemiology; (6) several new disease reports contradict the concept of the so-called pathovar, thereby raising the question of whether strains in the Pssc are mostly generalists rather than specialists as currently believed; and (7) disease control of annual plants is frequently based on approaches integrating biological, chemical and cultural measures with available plant resistance.

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Extracellular Polysaccharides as Determinants of Leaf Spot Diseases Caused by Pseudomonads and Xanthomonads

Cited by 21 publications

References 58 publications

Production of phytotoxic metabolites by five species of Botryosphaeriaceae causing decline on grapevines, with special interest in the species Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum

Production of phytotoxic metabolites by five species of Botryosphaeriaceae causing decline on grapevines, with special interest in the species Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum

Exopolysaccharides Produced by Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Affect Ascorbate Metabolism in Nicotiana tabacum

Insights into epidemiology and control of diseases of annual plants caused by the Pseudomonas syringae species complex

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