Extracellular Polysaccharides Synthesized by Glucosyltransf erases of Oral Streptococci

Newbrun, Ernest

doi:10.1159/000259785

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, 54 to 60% of the insoluble glucans synthesized in the absence of antiserum were recovered after dextranase digestion (Table 1). These data agree with the reports of other investigators, namely, that the soluble glucans are a-1,6-linked polymers (1, 5,13,26). Since anti-GT inhibited only insoluble glucan synthesis, it would appear to be specific for 1,3-glucan:D-fructose 2-glucosyltransferase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Characterization of an anti-glucosyltransferase serum specific for insoluble glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans

Linzer¹,

Slade²

1976

Infect Immun

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An anti-glucosyltransferase serum, which synthesized 96% insoluble glucans, was prepared against a purified enzyme preparation from Streptococcus mutans strain HS6 (serotype a). This serum was examined for its effects on glucan synthesis by crude enzyme preparations from eight strains (four serotypes) of S. mutans and for the ability of these preparations to promote adherence of S. mutans to a smooth surface. Glucosyltransferase activity was assayed by measuring the incorporation of glucose from [14C]glucose-labeled sucrose into water-insoluble and water-soluble (ethanol-insoluble) glucans. Anti-glucosyltransferase serum inhibited insoluble glucan synthesis by crude enzyme preparations from cells of the four serotypes of S. mutans. Enzymes from strains of types a, b, and d were inhibited between 70 to 90%; enzymes from type c strains were inhibited from 45 to 60%. The adherence to a glass surface of heat-killed cells from these four serotypes was likewise inhibited. Soluble glucan synthesis was not inhibited by the serum, and in some cases its synthesis increased as insoluble glucan synthesis decreased. of S. mutans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Structurally, insoluble glucans contain high concentrations of a-1,3 linkages and 1,3 branch points, whereas water-soluble glucans are composed mainly of a-1,6 linkages (1, 5,13,26). During the purification of culture fluids from S. mutans, multiple glucosyltransferase fractions have been identified (2,15,24).…”

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Characterization of an anti-glucosyltransferase serum specific for insoluble glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans

Linzer¹,

Slade²

1976

Infect Immun

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“…The formation and maturation of S. mutans biofilms are greatly affected by environmental factors, such as nutrients, pH levels, shear rate, etc [8][9][10] . For example, S. mutans in the presence of sugar promotes the biosynthesis of insoluble glucans, which causes the bacteria to firmly adhere to the tooth surface 11,12 . The intake of fermentable sugars also induces a rapid decrease in the pH of dental plaques from neutrality to pH 5.0 or below 13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors that affect Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in a microfluidic device mimicking teeth

Shumi¹,

Lim²,

Nam³

et al. 2010

BioChip J

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Streptococcus mutans is the primary etiological agent responsible for dental caries. Microfluidic devices have been used to provide a level of control over bacterial microenvironments under laminar flow conditions. In this study, we used a microfluidic device packed with glass beads to simulate the interproximal space, which is the space between the teeth. In the device, the effects of environmental factors, such as sucrose and metal ions, on S. mutans attachment and biofilm formation were quantitatively measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy. We determined that sucrose was required for both bacterial attachment and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in S. mutans. These results suggest that the in vivo condition between the teeth was successfully mimicked and that the device is highly suitable for in situ monitoring of oral biofilms.

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“…The production of glucans from sucrose by glucosyltransferase (GTase; EC 2.4.1.5) is one of the virulence traits of Streptococcus mutans. It is generally held that glucans are the major constituent of dental plaque, which is a potential site for carious lesion formation (14,34,37). The enzymatic properties of GTase (2,8,12,22,23,31) and the chemical-physical properties of glucans (5,19,24) have been well studied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibition of plaque and caries formation by a glucan produced by Streptococcus mutans mutant UAB108

Takada¹,

Shiota²,

Curtiss³

et al. 1985

Infect Immun

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A mutant (UAB108) derived from Streptococcus mutans UAB66, a spectinomycin-resistant (Spcr) isolate of strain 6715, inhibited plaque formation when grown with strain 6715 in a sucrose medium and also inhibited caries formation in gnotobiotic rats infected with both strain UAB108 and 6715. A substance obtained from UA8108 culture supernatant fluid after ethanol precipitation and DEAE-cellulose treatment, designated glucan 108, inhibited S. mutans 6715 virulence and was shown to be a water-soluble glucan. In the presence of sucrose and increasing concentrations of glucan 108, the activity of a glucosyltransferase (GTase) preparation from S. mutans 6715 to synthesize adhesive water-insoluble glucan (ad-WIG) was inhibited, and the activity to synthesize non-ad-WIG was stimulated. Glucan 108 similarly inhibited sucrose-dependent adherence of heat-treated cells, was a poor inducer of cell aggregation, and inhibited S. mutans 6715-induced dental caries in gnotobiotic rats. In the presence of GTase, glucan 108, and sucrose, the glucose moiety of sucrose was found to be incorporated into glucan 108, and most of this glucose-incorporated glucan 108 was found in the non-ad-WIG fraction. The mode of inhibition of plaque formation by S. mutans 6715 appears to involve a shift from ad-WIG to non-ad-WIG formation. The water-soluble glucan 108 was found to have an approximate molecular weight of 2 x 106 and was hydrolyzed by fungal dextranase to yield glucans with an average molecular weight of about 1.2 x 104. This glucan (designated glucan 12k) was further hydrolyzed by bacterial dextranase to yield smaller glucans and oligosaccharides, but was refractile to at(1->3) glucanase. These results suggest that glucan 108 is a branched at(1-6) glucan, and it is proposed that UAB108 is defective in its ability to polymerize glucan 12k with a(1-*3)-linked glucosyl residues.

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Extracellular Polysaccharides Synthesized by Glucosyltransf erases of Oral Streptococci

Cited by 48 publications

References 8 publications

Characterization of an anti-glucosyltransferase serum specific for insoluble glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans

Characterization of an anti-glucosyltransferase serum specific for insoluble glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans

Environmental factors that affect Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in a microfluidic device mimicking teeth

Inhibition of plaque and caries formation by a glucan produced by Streptococcus mutans mutant UAB108

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