Extracellular Vesicles, a Key Mediator to Link Environmental Microbiota to Airway Immunity

Choi, Youngwoo; Park, Hanki; Park, Hae‐Sim; Kim, Yoon Keun

doi:10.4168/aair.2017.9.2.101

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The microbiomes detected in the lungs or in urine are representative examples. 9 10 11 12 34 Interestingly, there were notable differences in bacterial composition between urine in this study and skin in the previous study. 35 Staphylococcus was found most commonly in the skin washing fluid of AD patients in our previous study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Lactobacillus plantarum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Atopic Dermatitis Induced byStaphylococcus aureus-derived Extracellular Vesicles

Kim

Choi²,

Choi

et al. 2018

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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PurposeThe microbial environment is an important factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, it was revealed that not only bacteria itself but also extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from bacteria affect the allergic inflammation process. However, almost all research carried out so far was related to local microorganisms, not the systemic microbial distribution. We aimed to compare the bacterial EV composition between AD patients and healthy subjects and to experimentally find out the beneficial effect of some bacterial EV compositionMethodsTwenty-seven AD patients and 6 healthy control subjects were enrolled. After urine and serum were obtained, EVs were prepared from samples. Metagenomic analysis of 16s ribosomal DNA extracted from the EVs was performed, and bacteria showing the greatest difference between controls and patients were identified. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects of significant bacterial EV were evaluated with keratinocytes and with Staphylococcus aureus-induced mouse AD models, respectively.ResultsThe proportions of Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus EVs were significantly higher and those of Alicyclobacillus and Propionibacterium were lower in the control group than in the AD patient group. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria were considered to be important ones that contribute to the difference between the patient and control groups. In vitro, interleukin (IL)-6 from keratinocytes and macrophages decreased and cell viability was restored with Lactobacillus plantarum-derived EV treatment prior to S. aureus EV treatment. In S. aureus-induced mouse AD models, L. plantarum-derived EV administration reduced epidermal thickening and the IL-4 level.ConclusionsWe suggested the protective role of lactic acid bacteria in AD based on metagenomic analysis. Experimental findings further suggest that L. plantarum-derived EV could help prevent skin inflammation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Lactobacillus plantarum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Atopic Dermatitis Induced byStaphylococcus aureus-derived Extracellular Vesicles

Kim

Choi²,

Choi

et al. 2018

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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“…A study has reported that intraperitoneally injected bacterial EVs spread throughout the mouse body, accumulating in the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney within 3 h of administration 22 . Several studies have also reported that bacteria-derived EVs can be detected in human blood serum, urine, or stool, and have claimed that bacteriaderived EVs are related to the immune response or development of disease [23][24][25][26][27] . For example, studies have shown that EVs derived from Staphylococcus aureus contribute to atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation 28,29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the human breast milk microbiome and bacterial extracellular vesicles in healthy mothers

Kim

2020

Exp Mol Med

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The microbiota of human breast milk (HBM) contribute to infant gut colonization; however, whether bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are present in HBM or might contribute to this process remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the HBM microbiota of healthy Korean mothers and measured the key bacteria likely affecting infant gut colonization by analyzing both the microbiota and bacterial EVs. A total of 22 HBM samples were collected from lactating mothers. The DNA of bacteria and bacteria-derived EVs was extracted from each sample. In alpha-diversity analyses, bacterial samples showed higher richness and evenness than bacterial EV samples, and beta-diversity analyses showed significant differences between bacteria and bacterial EVs within identical individual samples. Firmicutes accounted for the largest proportion among the phyla, followed by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, in both bacteria and bacterial EV samples. At the genus level, Streptococcus (25.1%) and Staphylococcus (10.7%) were predominant in bacterial samples, whereas Bacteroides (9.1%), Acinetobacter (6.9%), and Lactobacillaceae(f) (5.5%) were prevalent in bacterial EV samples. Several genera, including Bifidobacterium, were significantly positively correlated between the two samples. This study revealed the diverse bacterial communities in the HBM of healthy lactating mothers, and found that gut-associated genera accounted for a high proportion in bacterial EV samples. Our findings suggest the existence of key bacteria with metabolic activity that are independent of the major bacterial populations that inhabit HBM, and the possibility that EVs derived from these bacteria are involved in the vertical transfer of gut microbiota.

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“…These EVs alter the phagocytes' efferocytotic activity [41], which has been linked to the worsening of pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [51,52]. In addition, through biological pathway analysis, PM exposure seems to modify EV-encapsulated miRNA involved in the maintenance of health [12,42,53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Microbiota Modifies the Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Plasma Extracellular Vesicles

Mariani

Favero

Carugno

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Air pollution exposure has been linked to modifications of both extracellular vesicle (EV) concentration and nasal microbiota structure (NMB), which might act as the respiratory health gatekeeper. This study aimed to assess whether an unbalanced NMB could modify the effect of particulate matter (PM) exposure on plasmatic EV levels. Due to two different NMB taxonomical profiles characterized by a widely different relative abundance of the Moraxella genus, the enrolled population was stratified into Mor− (balanced NMB) and Mor+ (unbalanced NMB) groups (Moraxella genus’s cut-off ≤25% and >25%, respectively). EV features were assessed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and flow-cytometry (FC). Multivariable analyses were applied on EV outcomes to evaluate a possible association between PM10 and PM2.5 and plasmatic EV levels. The Mor− group revealed positive associations between PM levels and plasmatic CD105+ EVs (GMR = 4.39 p = 0.02) as for total EV count (GMR = 1.92 p = 0.02). Conversely, the Mor+ group showed a negative association between exposure and EV outcomes (CD66+ GMR = 0.004 p = 0.01; EpCAM+ GMR = 0.005 p = 0.01). Our findings provide an insight regarding how a balanced NMB may help to counteract PM exposure effects in terms of plasmatic EV concentration. Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between the host and the NMB to disentangle the mechanism exerted by inhaled pollutants in modulating EVs and NMB.

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Extracellular Vesicles, a Key Mediator to Link Environmental Microbiota to Airway Immunity

Cited by 24 publications

References 71 publications

Lactobacillus plantarum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Atopic Dermatitis Induced byStaphylococcus aureus-derived Extracellular Vesicles

Lactobacillus plantarum-derived Extracellular Vesicles Protect Atopic Dermatitis Induced byStaphylococcus aureus-derived Extracellular Vesicles

Analysis of the human breast milk microbiome and bacterial extracellular vesicles in healthy mothers

Nasal Microbiota Modifies the Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Plasma Extracellular Vesicles

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