Extracellular vesicles and microvascular pathology: Decoding the active dialogue

Hosseini‐Beheshti, Elham; Grau, Georges E.

doi:10.1111/micc.12485

Cited by 15 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…4 ("The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated animal") was not applicable. The involvement of EVs in the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease has been reviewed recently, with particular attention to their effect on microvascular endothelial cells [4].…”

Section: Evs In Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development

Macia

Nanan

Hosseini‐Beheshti

et al. 2019

IJMS

Self Cite

175

141

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are blebs of either plasma membrane or intracellular membranes carrying a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. EVs are produced by eukaryotic cells both under physiological and pathological conditions. Genetic and environmental factors (diet, stress, etc.) affecting EV cargo, regulating EV release, and consequences on immunity will be covered. EVs are found in virtually all body fluids such as plasma, saliva, amniotic fluid, and breast milk, suggesting key roles in immune development and function at different life stages from in utero to aging. These will be reviewed here. Under pathological conditions, plasma EV levels are increased and exacerbate immune activation and inflammatory reaction. Sources of EV, cells targeted, and consequences on immune function and disease development will be discussed. Both pathogenic and commensal bacteria release EV, which are classified as outer membrane vesicles when released by Gram-negative bacteria or as membrane vesicles when released by Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteria derived EVs can affect host immunity with pathogenic bacteria derived EVs having pro-inflammatory effects of host immune cells while probiotic derived EVs mostly shape the immune response towards tolerance.

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Section: Evs In Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development

Macia

Nanan

Hosseini‐Beheshti

et al. 2019

IJMS

Self Cite

175

141

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…60,68 All of these forms of intercellular interactions have been extensively reviewed in previous publications. 3,48,72,104 Herein, for the purpose of exploring the role of the GCX in the mediation of intercellular interactions, we will focus on discussing Cx-containing gap junctions as a representative intercellular junction and the E-selectin endothelial surface receptor as a representative adhesion molecule.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial Glycocalyx-Mediated Intercellular Interactions: Mechanisms and Implications for Atherosclerosis and Cancer Metastasis

Mensah

Nersesyan

Ebong

2020

Cardiovasc Eng Tech

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Purpose The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) plays a critical role in the health of the vascular system. Degradation of the GCX has been implicated in the onset of diseases like atherosclerosis and cancer because it disrupts endothelial cell (EC) function that is meant to protect from atherosclerosis and cancer. Examples of such EC function include interendothelial cell communication via gap junctions and receptor-mediated interactions between endothelial and tumor cells. This review focuses on GCX-dependent regulation of these intercellular interactions in healthy and diseased states. The ultimate goal is to build new knowledge that can be applied to developing GCX regeneration strategies that can control intercellular interaction in order to combat the progression of diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Methods In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to determine the baseline expression of GCX in physiologically relevant conditions. Chemical and mechanical GCX degradation approaches were employed to degrade the GCX. The impact of intact versus degraded GCX on intercellular interactions was assessed using cytochemistry, histochemistry, a Lucifer yellow dye transfer assay, and confocal, intravital, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Results Relevant to atherosclerosis, we found that GCX stability determines the expression and functionality of Cx43 in gap junction-mediated EC-to-EC communication. Relevant to cancer metastasis, we found that destabilizing the GCX through either disturbed flow-induced or enzyme induced GCX degradation results in increased E-selectin receptor-mediated EC-tumor cell interactions. Conclusion Our findings lay a foundation for future endothelial GCX-targeted therapy, to control intercellular interactions and limit the progression of atherosclerosis and cancer.

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“…Stem cell-derived EVs have similar biological functions as stem cells, but offer significant advantages such as their small size, low immunogenicity, and removal of the common issues associated with direct cell injection. Initially described as ‘platelet dust’ in the 1960s [30], EVs have attracted intense research interest over the last few decades, and they are now widely recognised as powerful intercellular messengers with critical roles in mediating pathological processes, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and regulating physiological functions [31,32]. EVs have already been explored as novel therapeutics in a range of applications, including anti-tumour therapy, pathogen vaccination, immunomodulatory and regenerative therapies, and drug delivery [33].…”

Section: Role Of Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles In Treatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Treating Joint Injury and Osteoarthritis

Hosseini‐Beheshti

Grau

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles secreted by almost all cell types to facilitate intercellular communication. Stem cell-derived EVs theoretically have the same biological functions as stem cells, but offer the advantages of small size, low immunogenicity, and removal of issues such as low cell survival and unpredictable long-term behaviour associated with direct cell transplantation. They have been an area of intense interest in regenerative medicine, due to the potential to harness their anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative effects to induce healing in a wide variety of tissues. However, the potential of using stem cell-derived EVs for treating joint injury and osteoarthritis has not yet been extensively explored. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, with or without prior joint injury, is not well understood, and there is a longstanding unmet clinical need to develop new treatments that provide a therapeutic effect in preventing or stopping joint degeneration, rather than merely relieving the symptoms of the disease. This review summarises the current evidence relating to stem cell-derived EVs in joint injury and osteoarthritis, providing a concise discussion of their characteristics, advantages, therapeutic effects, limitations and outlook in this exciting new area.

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Extracellular vesicles and microvascular pathology: Decoding the active dialogue

Cited by 15 publications

References 99 publications

Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development

Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development

Endothelial Glycocalyx-Mediated Intercellular Interactions: Mechanisms and Implications for Atherosclerosis and Cancer Metastasis

Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Treating Joint Injury and Osteoarthritis

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