Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Exosomes, Microvesicles and the Emerging Role of Large Oncosomes

Minciacchi, Valentina R.; Freeman, Michael R.; Vizio, Dolores Di

doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.02.010

Cited by 771 publications

(700 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(243 reference statements)

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“…Exosomes are involved in initiation, growth, progression and drug-resistance of tumors involving interactions with the microenvironment by transferring oncogenic proteins and nucleic acids (15,19,27,28). Their role in metastasis will be discussed in the following chapters.…”

Section: Exosomes -Functions In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generation of an immuno-suppressive environment is an important issue for the pathogenesis of tumors. Exosomes have been shown to be implicated in induction of apoptosis of cytotoxic T-cells, expansion and function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs), induction of M2 polarization of macrophages, inhibition of cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells, inhibition of differentiation of dendritic cells (DC), expansion and activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and mobilization of neutrophils (27,28). Exosomes released under hypoxic conditions can stimulate angiogenesis through interactions with endothelial cells (EC) (29).…”

Section: Exosomes -Functions In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Multiple Roles of Exosomes in Metastasis

Weidle

Birzele

Kollmorgen

et al. 2017

CGP

168

133

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Abstract. Exosomes are important contributors to cellMetastases are responsible for the death of a large majority of cancer patients despite considerable progress in surgical techniques, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapies including immuno-therapy (1). A dramatic reduction of metastatic burden has been observed, however, tumor elimination is almost always incomplete. This phenomenon is based on drug resistance, which is due to adaptation of intracellular pathways or on activation of survival-supporting autocrine and paracrine pathways and several secreted factors expressed by drug-sensitive tumor cells after therapy (2). Metastasis can occur through release of cancer cells from the primary tumor into body cavities that holds true for ovarian and CNS tumors, or via hematogeneous and lymphatic vessels of the circulatory system (3). Metastases of some tumors are directed besides to lymph nodes to mainly one type of organ only, such as prostate cancer to the bones, pancreatic cancer and uveal melanoma to the liver, whereas tumors such as melanoma, breast-and lung cancer can colonize several types of organs (3). Tumor cells have been found in the blood of patients with early-stage cancer and in some cases even before the primary tumor has been diagnosed (4, 5). Recently, making use of single-cell expression profiling, it has been shown that early metastatic cells possess a stem-like gene signature and give rise to heterogeneous metastases (6). The metastatic process is characterized by a defined sequence of events (7,8). Initial steps are detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM), invasion into the surrounding tissue and proteolysis of the basement membrane. After intravasation, survival of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is achieved by forming clusters, binding to platelets and immune evasion. Subsequently, they arrest in distal microvascular beds and extravasation can be achieved either by migration through intercellular junctions of endothelial cells (EC) or penetration of a single EC (9). CTCs can also colonize their tumors of origin, a process referred to as "tumor self-seeding", selecting for cancer cell populations more aggressive than those present in the primary tumor (10). After extravasation, colonization and outgrowth in the parenchyma of distant organs are the following steps. A common theme of the metastatic process is settlement of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) into latency (dormancy), which can last from several months to decades (11). It has been observed that DTCs are recruited into pre-metastatic niches that support their survival by interactions with endothelial, myeloid cells, fibroblasts and other types of cells. After adaptation to the host microenvironment and suppression of an anti-tumoral immune response, DTCs are activated by not yet completely resolved mechanisms. Finally their outgrowth is based on an angiogenic switch mediated by pro-angiogenic factors and establishment of a vascular network to support the metabolic demands of colonizing tumor cells (12). In the follo...

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Section: Exosomes -Functions In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exosomes -Functions In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiple Roles of Exosomes in Metastasis

Weidle

Birzele

Kollmorgen

et al. 2017

CGP

168

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is well known that EV are involved in the pathogeneses of CVD and cancer. They were also proposed to contribute to the development of chronic lung disease (Fujita et al 2015b;Loyer et al 2014;Minciacchi, Freeman, and Di Vizio 2015). The purpose of this review was to examine the relationship of EV secretion, composition, and function with airborne environmental risk factors for developing lung disease, CVD, and cancer.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles released in response to respiratory exposures: implications for chronic disease

Benedikter

Wouters

Savelkoul

et al. 2018

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secreted signaling entities that enhance various pathological processes when released in response to cellular stresses. Respiratory exposures such as cigarette smoke and air pollution exert cellular stresses and are associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases. The aim of this review was to examine the evidence that modifications in EV contribute to respiratory exposure-associated diseases. Publications were searched using PubMed and Google Scholar with the search terms (cigarette smoke OR tobacco smoke OR air pollution OR particulate matter) AND (extracellular vesicles OR exosomes OR microvesicles OR microparticles OR ectosomes). All original research articles were included and reviewed. Fifty articles were identified, most of which investigated the effect of respiratory exposures on EV release in vitro (25) and/or on circulating EV in human plasma (24). The majority of studies based their main observations on the relatively insensitive scatter-based flow cytometry of EV (29). EV induced by respiratory exposures were found to modulate inflammation (19), thrombosis (13), endothelial dysfunction (11), tissue remodeling (6), and angiogenesis (3). By influencing these processes, EV may play a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and possibly lung cancer and allergic asthma. The current findings warrant additional research with improved methodologies to evaluate the contribution of respiratory exposure-induced EV to disease etiology, as well as their potential as biomarkers of exposure or risk and as novel targets for preventive or therapeutic strategies.

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“…123 EVs include exosomes (30-120 nm) and microvesicles (100-1000 nm). The nucleic acids and other molecular cargo in EVs hold promise as a source of biomarkers.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicle Lysing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Future microfluidic and nanofluidic modular platforms for nucleic acid liquid biopsy in precision medicine

et al. 2016

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Nucleic acid biomarkers have enormous potential in non-invasive diagnostics and disease management. In medical research and in the near future in the clinics, there is a great demand for accurate miRNA, mRNA, and ctDNA identification and profiling. They may lead to screening of early stage cancer that is not detectable by tissue biopsy or imaging. Moreover, because their cost is low and they are non-invasive, they can become a regular screening test during annual checkups or allow a dynamic treatment program that adjusts its drug and dosage frequently. We briefly review a few existing viral and endogenous RNA assays that have been approved by the Federal Drug Administration. These tests are based on the main nucleic acid detection technologies, namely, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, and next-generation sequencing. Several of the challenges that these three technologies still face regarding the quantitative measurement of a panel of nucleic acids are outlined. Finally, we review a cluster of microfluidic technologies from our group with potential for point-of-care nucleic acid quantification without nucleic acid amplification, designed to overcome specific limitations of current technologies. We suggest that integration of these technologies in a modular design can offer a low-cost, robust, and yet sensitive/selective platform for a variety of precision medicine applications.

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Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer: Exosomes, Microvesicles and the Emerging Role of Large Oncosomes

Cited by 771 publications

References 147 publications

The Multiple Roles of Exosomes in Metastasis

The Multiple Roles of Exosomes in Metastasis

Extracellular vesicles released in response to respiratory exposures: implications for chronic disease

Future microfluidic and nanofluidic modular platforms for nucleic acid liquid biopsy in precision medicine

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