Extracellular vesicles: translational challenges and opportunities

Clemmens, Hannah; Lambert, D

doi:10.1042/bst20180112

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…While the mechanisms that mediate the biological effects of EVs on their cellular targets remain poorly known, it is clear that EVs are implicated in most, if not all, physiopathological processes, including signal transduction, cell growth, and differentiation, metabolic regulation, embryofetal development, organogenesis, tissue homeostasis and repair/regeneration, antigen presentation and immune response, ageing, pathogen-host interactions, carcinogenesis, tumor invasion/metastasis, cardiovascular dysfunction, etc. [9,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. The EV cargo, packaged within relatively stable membrane-bound structures, is sheltered from degradation by the extracellular enzymes present in biological fluids, and may therefore maintain biological stability over comparatively long periods of time [38].…”

Section: General Characteristics and Biological Significance Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Simeone

Bologna

Lanuti

et al. 2020

IJMS

148

117

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Extracellular vesicles act as shuttle vectors or signal transducers that can deliver specific biological information and have progressively emerged as key regulators of organized communities of cells within multicellular organisms in health and disease. Here, we survey the evolutionary origin, general characteristics, and biological significance of extracellular vesicles as mediators of intercellular signaling, discuss the various subtypes of extracellular vesicles thus far described and the principal methodological approaches to their study, and review the role of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis, immunity, non-synaptic neural communication, vascular-neural communication through the blood-brain barrier, renal pathophysiology, and embryo-fetal/maternal communication through the placenta.

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Section: General Characteristics and Biological Significance Of Evsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Simeone

Bologna

Lanuti

et al. 2020

IJMS

148

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Here, the term EVs is used for designating all types of sub-cellular particles in CSF that are surrounded by a lipid membrane bilayer. EVs are known to carry many different proteins and large amount of nucleic acids, including mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and DNA [2,3] that may represent the functions of their original cells and could be involved in the presentation of antigens, cell to cell communication including protein propagation [2,4,5]. To date, some role of EVs both in normal physiology and in disease pathology was shown [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVs are known to carry many different proteins and large amount of nucleic acids, including mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and DNA [2,3] that may represent the functions of their original cells and could be involved in the presentation of antigens, cell to cell communication including protein propagation [2,4,5]. To date, some role of EVs both in normal physiology and in disease pathology was shown [4,5]. EVs could be involved in the pathological development and progression of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative diseases and in particular Parkinson's disease (PD) [5,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryo-electron microscopy of extracellular vesicles from cerebrospinal fluid

et al. 2020

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles which play important role for cell communication and physiology. EVs are found in many human biological fluids, including blood, breast milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ejaculate, saliva etc. These nanosized vesicles contain proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, non-coding RNAs and lipids that are derived from producing cells. EVs deliver complex sets of biological information to recipient cells thereby modulating their behaviors by their molecular cargo. In this way EVs are involved in the pathological development and progression of many human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. In this study EVs purified by ultracentrifugation from CSF of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and individuals of the comparison group were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry and cryo-electron microscopy. Vesicular size and the presence of exosomal marker CD9 on the surface provided evidence that most of the EVs were exosome-like vesicles. Cryo-electron microscopy allowed us to visualize a large spectrum of extracellular vesicles of various size and morphology with lipid bilayers and vesicular internal structures. Thus, we described the diversity and new characteristics of the vesicles from CSF suggesting that subpopulations of EVs with different and specific functions may exist.

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“…The theory that EV can transfer RNA between cells was proposed by the team of Ratajczak et al (2006) (Clemmens and Lambert, 2018; Stahl and Raposo, 2018). All of these studies have made advances in EV-related research and highlighted the important role of EVs in cell biology, physiology [including stem cell maintenance (Samuelson and Vidal-Puig, 2018)], cancer, neuropathology (Osier et al, 2018; Stahl and Raposo, 2018), stroke, and cardiovascular disease (Stahl and Raposo, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases

Liu

Bai

Zhang

et al. 2019

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

182

131

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There are many types of intercellular communication, and extracellular vesicles are one of the important forms of this. They are released by a variety of cell types, are heterogeneous, and can roughly be divided into microvesicles and exosomes according to their occurrence and function. Of course, exosomes do not just play a role in cell-to-cell communication. In the nervous system, exosomes can participate in intercellular communication, maintain the myelin sheath, and eliminate waste. Similarly, exosomes in the brain can play a role in central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), prion disease, and traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), with both positive and negative effects (such as the transfer of misfolded proteins). Exosomes contain a variety of key bioactive substances and can therefore be considered as a snapshot of the intracellular environment. Studies have shown that exosomes from the central nervous system can be found in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral body fluids, and that their contents will change with disease occurrence. Because exosomes can penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB) and are highly stable in peripheral circulation, they can protect disease-related molecules well and therefore, using exosomes as a biomarker of central nervous system diseases is an attractive prospect as they can be used to monitor disease development and enable early diagnosis and treatment optimization. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of exosomes, and introduce their pathophysiological roles in different diseases of the central nervous system as well as their roles and applications as a viable pathological biomarker.

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Extracellular vesicles: translational challenges and opportunities

Cited by 52 publications

References 80 publications

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

Cryo-electron microscopy of extracellular vesicles from cerebrospinal fluid

Role of Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases

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