Extract fromBougainvillea xbuttiana(Variety Orange) Inhibits Production of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mediators in Macrophages and Exerts a Protective EffectIn Vivo

Abstract

Background. Different pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties, have been described among natural products. We previously described that the Bougainvillea xbuttiana (Variety Orange) ethanolic extract (BxbO) has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, this action is not fully understood. In this study, the action of the BxbO extract on the secretion of inflammatory mediators in two experimental models, in vitro and in vivo, after LPS challenge was evaluated. Methods. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from female BALB/c mice and LPS-challenged with or without the BxbO extract. For the evaluation of mediators, the supernatants at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours were collected. For in vivo estimation, groups of female BALB/c mice were first intraperitoneously injected with different amounts of LPS and later administered the oral BxbO extract (v.o.) for 144 hours. To understand the mechanism of action, sera obtained from mice were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after LPS challenge (with or without BxbO) for the detection of mediators. Results. The results showed that, in both peritoneal macrophages and sera of mice treated with the BxbO extract 1 hour before or together with LPS challenge, proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide release were unquestionably repressed. In contrast, in both systems studied here, the IL-10 levels were elevated to 5 to 9 times. At lethal doses of LPS, the BxbO extract treatment was found to protect animals from death. Conclusions. The results revealed that the inhibitory, protective, and benign effects of the BxbO extract were due to its capacity to balance the secretion of mediators.

The routine use of platelet function tests in elective coronary artery bypass grafting: A prospective observational trial

“…Also, when evaluating the transfusion rate, contributing factors such as preoperative hemoglobin values, hematocrit, intravascular volume status, respiratory oxygen delivery status as well as hemodynamic instability should be accounted for 1 . Several studies confirmed our results for the significant predictive values of the ADPHS test in terms of the higher necessity for transfusion 14,16–18 . As in our trial for the adjusted cut‐off test values, Petricevic et al 17 also failed to demonstrate the predictive value of the test for a higher RBC transfusion rate.…”

“…Also, Rafiq et al confirmed the positive predictive value for the ADPHS test while other platelet function tests failed to demonstrate significant predictive values for high blood loss. A lower threshold than the one provided by the manufacturer was demonstrated in the large trial with Several studies confirmed our results for the significant predictive values of theADPHS test in terms of the higher necessity for transfusion 14,[16][17][18]. As in our trial for the adjusted cut-off test values, Petricevic et al17 also failed to demonstrate the predictive value of the test for a higher RBC transfusion rate.…”

Comparative Analysis of Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences of Wild and Cultivated Bougainvillea (Nyctaginaceae)

“…There are approximately 18 species of Bougainvillea, but only the above two species are well-known for cultivation [1,5]. The purpose of planting Bougainvillea is mostly ornamental, but recently a number of studies have explored the potential use of Bougainvillea as a medicinal plant and as a pollution-mitigating plant in industrial areas [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Recent research studies have tapped into the potential of Bougainvillea as an anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antihyperglycemic plant [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Remdesivir Alleviates Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome

“…During RDV intervention one hour post LPS challenge, mice were also randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group): control, RDV, LPS, and RDV + LPS groups. Mice in RDV and RDV +LPS groups were administered with RDV at a dosage of 25 mg/kg post 10 mg/kg LPS challenge one hour by subcutaneous injection (21). After LPS injection for 12 h, the mice were sacrificed and kidney tissue was collected for evaluation of kidney inflammation score.…”