Introduction To reassess the prevalence of fallopian tube endometriosis (EM), and its associated clinicopathologic characteristics and risk factors. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2016 to August 2017. Unpregnant premenopausal women who underwent unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy due to gynecologic diseases were recruited. Patient clinical data and fallopian tube specimens were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and CD10 immunohistochemistry were used to diagnose tubal EM. Results Tubal EM prevalence was 14.48% (161/1112, 95% confidence interval [CI] 12.41%–16.55%). Prevalence of tubal EM in patients with EM was 37.37% (95%CI 30.58%–44.17%) which is higher in patients without EM (9.52%, 95%CI 7.61%–11.42%) and even higher in those with multi-organ EM (43.94%, 95%CI 35.36%–52.52%). At unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy, tubal EM was more likely located in the left fallopian tube (52.17%) than the right one (40.37%) and presence of hydrosalpinx/ hematosalpinx increased in women with tubal EM than without tubal EM (43.47% versus 23.79%). With increasing severity of pelvic EM (r = 0.26, P< 10 −4 ) and adhesion (r = 0.25, P< 10 −4 ), the tubal EM prevalence also increased. Pathological examination found that tubal EM was more likely located in the mucosa of the proximal tube with significantly more surrounding inflammation and fibrotic lesions than the serosa/sub-serosa in the distal tube (r = 0.90, P< 10 −4 ). Multivariate analysis showed that abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) (AOR = 3.10), previous EM surgery (AOR = 4.22) and tubal ligation (AOR = 2.33) were risk factors for tubal EM. Conclusions These data provide clinicians with important information that the prevalence of tubal EM among premenopausal unpregnant patients was higher than previous investigators, especially higher among women with EM diseases. Identifying its clinicopathologic characteristics and predictors may facilitate clinical decision making.

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BackgroundEpithelial-to mesenchymal transition (EMT) involves in metastasis, causing loss of epithelial polarity. Metastasis is the major cause of carcinoma-induced death, but mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we identify differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung-1 (DAL-1), a protein belongs to the membrane-associated cytoskeleton protein 4.1 family, as an efficient suppressor of EMT in lung cancer.MethodsThe relationship between DAL-1 and EMT markers were analyzed by using immunohistochemistry in the clinical lung cancer tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to characterize the expression of the EMT indicator mRNAs and proteins in DAL-1 overexpressed or knockdown cells. DAL-1 combined proteins were assessed by co-immunoprecipitation.ResultsDAL-1 levels were strongly reduced even lost in lymph node metastasis and advanced pathological stage of human lung carcinomas. Overexpression of DAL-1 altered the expression of numerous EMT markers, such as E-cadherin, β-catenin Vimentin and N-cadherin expression, meanwhile changed the morphological shape of lung cancer cells, and whereas silencing DAL-1 had an opposite effect. DAL-1 directly combined with E-cadherin promoter and regulated its expression that could be the reason for impairing EMT and decreasing cell migration and invasion. Strikingly, HSPA5 was found as DAL-1 direct binding protein.ConclusionsThese results suggest that tumor suppressor DAL-1 could also attenuate EMT and be important for tumor metastasis in the early transformation process in lung cancer.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-014-0117-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

BackgroundPelvic endometriosis (EM) and adenomyosis (AM) have different effects on the fallopian tube. This study aimed to assess the transport capability of the fallopian tube in women with pelvic EM or AM.MethodsTwenty women with uterine leiomyoma (control group), 20 with adenomyosis without pelvic EM (AM group) and 35 with pelvic EM without AM (EM group) were included. EM cases were further divided into the tubal EM and non-tubal EM subgroups. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF), percentage of ciliated cells, and smooth muscle contraction were measured.ResultsCBFs of the ampulla in EM cases were significantly lower than those of control and AM cases; CBFs of the ampulla and isthmus in tubal EM cases were significantly lower than those of the control group and non-tubal EM subgroup. In both the ampulla and isthmus segment, percentages of ciliated cells in EM patients were significantly lower than those of AM and control patients; the tubal EM subgroup showed significantly lower values than the control group and non-tubal EM subgroup. Amplitude-to-weight ratios of longitudinal muscular contractility in EM cases were significantly lower than control values; tubal EM cases showed significantly lower values than controls and the non-tubal EM subgroup. Contraction frequencies in EM cases were significantly lower than those of control and AM cases, in both longitudinal and circular muscles; tubal EM cases showed significantly lower values than controls and the non-tubal EM subgroup.ConclusionEM with tubal EM damaged transport function of the fallopian tube, to varying degrees, whereas tubal function in EM without tubal EM and in AM is not altered.