Extract of Synedrella nodiflora (L) Gaertn exhibits antipsychotic properties in murine models of psychosis

Abstract

BackgroundThe hydro-ethanolic whole plant extract of Synedrella nodiflora (SNE) has demonstrated anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic effects. Preliminary studies conducted in animals, SNE significantly decreased stereotypic behaviours suggesting antipsychotic potential. Coupled with the central nervous system depressant effects of SNE, we hypothesized that it may have utility in the management of psychosis. The present study therefore investigated the antipsychotic potential of the SNE in several murine models of psychosis.MethodThe primary central nervous system activities of SNE (30–3000 mg/kg, p.o) were investigated using the Irwin’s test. The novelty-induced rearing, locomotion and stereotypy counts provoked by SNE (100–1000 mg/kg, p.o) were conducted using the open-field paradigm. The antipsychotic test models used in the screening of SNE (100–1000 mg/kg, p.o) included apomorphine-induced stereotypy, rearing, locomotion and cage climbing activities. The combined effects of a low dose of SNE (100 mg/kg) with various doses of haloperidol and chlorpromazine were analysed using the apomorphine-induced cage climbing and stereotypy, respectively. The ability of SNE to cause catalepsy in naïve mice as well as its effect on haloperidol-induced catalepsy was assessed.ResultsSNE showed acetylcholine-like and serotonin-like activities in the Irwin test, with sedation occurring at high doses. SNE significantly reduced the frequencies of novelty- and apomorphine-induced rearing and locomotion; stereotypy behaviour and the frequency and duration of apomorphine-induced cage climbing in mice. In all the tests performed, SNE was less potent than the reference drugs used (chlorpromazine and haloperidol). In addition, SNE potentiated the effects of haloperidol and chlorpromazine on apomorphine-induced cage climbing and stereotypy activities in mice.ConclusionSNE, while exhibiting antipsychotic properties itself, can also potentiate the antipsychotic effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol.

Crude and Partition Extracts of Newbouldia laevis Leaves Attenuate Excitotoxin-induced Stereotypy in Mice

“…The extracts significantly reduced the stereotyped behavior induced by the two drugs. Methamphetamineand apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviors are models of schizophrenia-like disorder generally used to evaluate antipsychotic drugs [15,16]. The effects of both apomorphine and methamphetamine are mediated through dopaminergic activity in the brain.…”

Traditional Herbal Medicines Against CNS Disorders from Bangladesh

“… Helencha Herb Whole plant Nervous system disorder CNS depressant [ 126 , 138 ] Synedrella nodiflora Gaertn. Relanodi Herb Leaves, stem Vertigo Antipsychotic properties [ 101 , 139 ] Athyriaceae Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw Dhekishak Fern Leaves Headache, epilepsy, paralysis Cholinesterase and NADH oxidase inhibition [ 106 , 118 , 140 ] Begoniaceae Begonia silhetensis (A.DC.)…”

Synedrella nodiflora Extract Depresses Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and Chemically-Induced In Vitro Seizures in the Rat Hippocampus

“…From the chromatogram ( Figure 1 ) two major components were seen at retention times 42.56 and 46.51 min. The percentage composition was determined to be 45.72 and 36.88% respectively, using the areas under the curve (AUCs) as previously reported ( Amoateng et al, 2017 ).…”

“…The plant was identified and authenticated at the Ghana Herbarium, Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra after which a voucher specimen (PA03/UGSOP/GH16) was prepared and kept at the same department. The ethanolic extract was prepared as previously described ( Amoateng et al, 2017 ). Briefly, the plant stems with leaves were air-dried for seven days, ground into powder, and cold-macerated with 70% v/v ethanol in water.…”

“…An HPLC fingerprint was obtained as previously described ( Amoateng et al, 2017 ). Briefly, a Perkin Elmer Flexar HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), fitted with a PDA detector and a manual injector was used.…”