Extracting expertise from experts: Methods for knowledge acquisition

Olson, Judith Reitman; Rueter, Henry H.

doi:10.1111/j.1468-0394.1987.tb00139.x

Cited by 157 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The need for a multidisciplinary methodology was acknowledged during discussions held by authors with peers at several symposiums organised in the field. Among the numerous available methods for working with experts (Fink et al 1984;Jacobs 1995;Olson and Rueter 1987), we selected Delphi due to its methodical, transparent and well known approach (Bryman, 2006). Delphi is a method for organizing a group communication process so that the process is effective in allowing a group of persons to deal with complex problems (Linstone and Turoff 1975), and it is appropriate to analyse qualitative information based on diverse attitudes and complex concepts (MacMillan and Marshall 2006).…”

Section: Methodology and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The transition of Germany's energy production, green economy, low-carbon economy, socio-environmental conflicts, and equitable society

Weber

Cabras

2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

102

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Low carbon transitions have been predominantly analysed using quantitative methods, mostly building on present and forecasted data of social metabolism. This paper addresses both the economic and social dimensions of low carbon emissions by analysing the presence of socio-environmental conflicts in Germany. These conflicts appear to be a consequence of unsustainable policies targeting firms' planning and behaviour, mainly based on neoclassical economic thinking and stakeholders unwilling to accept carbon intensive behaviour. By applying a Delphi Method with 18 experts, the authors analyse 117 socio-environmental conflicts (e.g. derived from extractive activity, energy production, and infrastructure projects) in Germany. Most of these conflicts include the struggle of various society groups to achieve a low carbon economy but also a more equitable society. The analyses presented in this paper shows that Germany provides both the best and the worse of achieving low carbon paths: a significant investment into renewable energy, but also a strong dependency on lignite which supplies the most polluting power stations of Europe. By addressing the problem from an historical perspective, the authors demonstrate how carbon intensive extractive activity has been one of the major causes for environmental activism and protest in both socialist and capitalist societies. Highlights:German energy transition raises questions of equitability as energy poverty has increased Green Economy focus favours mega projects as high voltage power lines Despite ambitious goals, Germany (so far) has remained a high-carbon economy Extraction activities targeting lignite had been dominant in both socialist and post-socialist Germany The Vattenfall's divestment from Lusatian Lignite is presented as a case of corporate degrowth

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Section: Methodology and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The transition of Germany's energy production, green economy, low-carbon economy, socio-environmental conflicts, and equitable society

Weber

Cabras

2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

102

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“…1988). Individuals are asked a series of questions concerned with the performance of the given problem or job, structured in such a way as to, first, elicit general concepts, and later, to determine relationships among those concepts (Meister, 1985;Olson and Rueter, 1987). Further, investigators use a funnel approach in which the line of questioning starts very broad and then becomes more specific as the interview proceeds.…”

Section: Interviewingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The questionnaire is presented in a written format with open ended questions. Questions are posed in such a way as to allow the individual to identify critical variables, and in addition, the manner in which the variables interact (Olson and Rueter, 1987). Like interviewing, a questionnaire is a retrospective technique.…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, it is proposed that humans store and recall all items in a particular cluster before recalling items in another cluster (Olson and Rueter, 1987). Given the assumption that humans store information in chunks or "clusters" of concepts, attempts have been made to examine the recall process to identify the boundaries of these clusters.…”

Section: Ordered Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward a Model of Knowledge Structure and a Comparative Analysis of Knowledge Structure Measurement Techniques

Koubek¹,

Mountjoy²

1991

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Puofic reporting ourden for this collection of information s estimated to average 1 hour per res nse. inciucing the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources. This research attempts to develop and validate a proposed model of human knowledge representation.Based on an extensive literature review, a battery of available knowledge representation measurement techniques was selected to detect the represenation differences between two experience level groups in the domain of clerical work. The techniques employed were card sorting, hierarchical clustering analysis, repertory grid, multidimensional scaling, Pathfinder, and pairwise similarity ratings.Results validate the existence of all model dimensions. Two dimensions were determined to be affected by experience level.Post-hoc analysis revealed that an additional dimension, Representation Complexity, is a function of experience level differences, and should therefore be included in future model development. Furthermore, the capabilities of the various measurement techniques differed. Specifically, hierarchical clustering analysis was the most effective technique for detecting differences in representations between experience level groups. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SF 298The Report Documentation. Page (RDP) is used in announcing and cataloging reports. It is important that this information be consistent with the rest of the report, particularly the cover and title page. Instructions for fi!ling in each block of the form follow. It is important to stay within the lines to meet optical scanning requirements. ABSTRACTThis research attempts to validate a proposed modei of human knowledge structure. An operational definition of knowledge structure was derived which formed the basis for the construction of the proposed model. Until this time, understanding of knowledge structure has been influenced by the output of the various knowledge structure measurement techniques and their associated assumptions.A battery of available knowledge structure measurement techniques was used in order to detect the structure differences between two experience level groups in the domain of clerical work. The tzzhnX-,,,,. s ,.rd borting, hierarcnicai clustering analysis, repertory grid, multidimensional scaling, Pathfinder, and pairwise similarity ratings. Subjects were required to perform the standard tasks associated with the use of each measurement technique.Results validate the existence of all model dimensions. Two dimensions were determined to be affected by experience level. Post-hoc analysis revealed that an additional dimension, Structure Complexity, is a function of experience level differences, and should therefore be included in future model development. Furthermore, the capabilities of the various measurement techniques differed. Specifically, hierarchical clustering analysis was the most effective technique for detecting differences in structures between experience level groups.Further research is needed to ref...

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“…[BRW84, DaH88,COR89,KaL90,Kid87,McH89,01R87]) but shows potential applications of methods developed by social scientists. Especially content analysis techniques -"Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse" and "Objektive Hermeneutik" -are new possible means of improving the interpretation step during knowledge acquisition.…”

Section: Methods and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%