Extraction, Characterization, and Chitosan Microencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds from Cannabis sativa L., Cannabis indica L., and Mitragyna speiosa K.

Abstract

The objective of the research was to investigate the bioactive compounds of herbal plant leaves by microencapsulation technique for future application as a feed additive. In this experiment, three herbal plant leaves, namely Cannabis sativa L., Cannabis indica L., and Mitragyna speiosa K., were comparatively investigated using different methods to extract their bioactive compounds. Two methods were used to extract the bioactive compounds: microwave extraction (water-heating transferred) and maceration extraction (methanol extracted). The results obtained using microwave extraction revealed that the total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher and stronger, respectively, than those produced by the maceration extraction method (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the spray-drying technique was employed to enhance the extracted compounds by encapsulation with chitosan through ionic gelation properties. The physical characteristics of chitosan-encapsulated substrates were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and were as microparticle size (1.45 to 11.0 µm). The encapsulation efficiency of the bioactive compounds was found to be 99.7, 82.3, and 54.6% for microencapsulated M. speiosa, C. indica, and C. sativa, respectively. Therefore, microwave treatment prior to chitosan encapsulation of leaf extracts resulted in increased recovery of bioactive compound encroachment.

Microencapsulation of Mitragyna leaf extracts to be used as a bioactive compound source to enhance in vitro fermentation characteristics and microbial dynamics

“…MMLE were analyzed for BC especially total phenolic compound (TPC) using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent by absorbance at 765 nm [ 20 ] and total flavonoid compound (TFC) following the method of Topçu et al [ 21 ], based on colorimetric changes with a 10% aluminum chloride solution read at 415 nm. Moreover, the sample was analyzed the antioxidant capacities including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) [ 22 ], 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) [ 23 ], and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) [ 24 ], which are additional explained in Phupaboon et al [ 25 ].…”

Bioaccessibility and Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus sp. to Enhance Nham Protein Hydrolysates in Thai Fermented Sausage

“…The supernatants were separated by filtration and the insoluble protein was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm, 4 °C for 5 min. Then, the supernatant of each NPH was lyophilized using the speed-vacuum centrifuge (SpeedVac, Thermo Scientific, Boston, MA, USA), followed by storage at 4 °C to analyze the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity [ 31 , 32 ].…”

The application of omics technologies for understanding tropical plants-based bioactive compounds in ruminants: a review

“…This is where rumen modifiers, represented by feed additives, come into play. Because they are unrelated to critical plant functions such as photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and development, they are referred to as plant secondary metabolites or bioactive compounds [ 11 ].…”

“…In general, bioactive compounds (for example, polyphenolics), terpenoids (for example, terpenes), and alkaloids are categorized as phytochemicals of nutritional and pharmacological significance, such as those to treat (photo-chemotherapeutic) or prevent (phyto-chemoprophylaxis) animal diseases [ 11 ]. Although not all phytochemicals have been found to have positive effects on ruminants, the ones that do are often classified as polyphenolics (including condensed tannins), terpenoids (such as saponins), vitamins, and essential oils.…”