Extraction methods of fat from food samples and preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatography: A review

Hewavitharana, Geeth G.; Perera, Dilini N.; Navaratne, S. B.; Wickramasinghe, I.

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.06.039

Cited by 126 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…FAME used for H‐FAME production in the present study was prepared by conventional transesterification. The base derivatization method presented in the study of Hewavitharana et al 41 was applied to extract fatty acids from soybean oil. The average molar mass (

\overset{MW}{true}

) of the soybean oil was determined from Equation ) to be about 925 g/mol.

\overset{MW}{true} = ([], 3 \times ((), \frac{1}{\sum_{i = 1}^{normaln} \frac{X_{i}}{{MW}_{i}}})) + {MW}_{glycerol},

where n is the total number of fatty acids, including C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of oxidation stability of fatty acid methyl esters derived from soybean oil via partial hydrogenation using dielectric barrier discharge plasma

et al. 2020

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Summary Oxidation stability is an important biodiesel property. One of the methods to improve oxidation stability is partially hydrogenated fatty acid methyl esters (H‐FAME). The present research studied the novel production technique of H‐FAME derived from soybean FAME using non‐thermal parallel‐plate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. This green hydrogenation method does not require a catalyst and can be performed under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. The reaction using DBD plasma could effectively initiate the hydrogenation reaction, and the results showed similar performance to catalysis technique. The optimized process parameters for 35 mL of FAME were 25% H2, 5.5 hours of reaction time, and ambient temperature. This condition exhibited the highest conversion of polyunsaturated FAMEs (C18:2 and C18:3) and the highest yield of C18:1. DBD plasma hydrogenation resulted in the reduction of iodine value from 128 to 67.4. The oxidation stability was enhanced from 2.13 to 10 hours while the cloud point increased from −1°C to 11°C (still within the ASTM D6751 standard). This plasma process is a new alternative and eco‐friendly method for H‐FAME production.

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\overset{MW}{true}

) of the soybean oil was determined from Equation ) to be about 925 g/mol.

\overset{MW}{true} = ([], 3 \times ((), \frac{1}{\sum_{i = 1}^{normaln} \frac{X_{i}}{{MW}_{i}}})) + {MW}_{glycerol},

where n is the total number of fatty acids, including C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of oxidation stability of fatty acid methyl esters derived from soybean oil via partial hydrogenation using dielectric barrier discharge plasma

et al. 2020

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“…On the contrary, the Fay3 genotype showed low content of erucic acid (20.83%) and had the highest content of oleic acid (22.98%). Considering the fact that oleic acid plays a significant role in increasing the nutritional quality of brassica oil, the high oleic acid content of the sample Fay3 is considered very advantageous for health as this fatty acid is suitable for hypo-cholesterol diets, particularly in the preparation of frozen food, and its high stability makes it suitable for use in cooking and frying oils [ 30 ]. Our results indicate that breeding efforts to decrease erucic acid content and increase oleic acid content in rapeseed might be successful with the Fay3 genotype.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Formation, Fatty Acid Profile, and Molecular Identification of Some Landraces of Ethiopian Brassica as a Promising Crop to Support Breeding Programs

Khalaf

Al-Aziz

Ali

et al. 2021

Plants

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There has been an increased interest in oilseed crops for agro-industry research and development breeding programs to secure sustainable food and agriculture. The introgression of exotic genotypes of oilseed Brassica into cultivated relatives is inevitable in the genetic improvement of oilseed crops. This experimental attempt aimed to characterize the morphological and molecular basis for the identification and characterization of some Brassica genotypes. Fatty acid profile, yield, and morphology are under genetic control and can be used to identify genotypes. Characterization and identification were fulfilled for five accessions from Brassica spp. Plant height, height of first branch, number of branches and pods per plant, seed yield per plant, average pod length, number of seeds per pod, protein and oil contents (%), and fatty acid profile were examined. Besides, the relationship between seed yield and seed yield-contributing characteristics was estimated, as well as the phylogenetic relationship of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The genotypes varied significantly for all examined traits, taking into account the most important traits: seed yield per plant and oil content. For example, oil content in the samples ranged between 41.1 and 49.3%. Path analysis results showed a high and positive direct effect between each number of primary branches and the number of pods per plant with seed yield per plant (0.48). The morphological and molecular observations suggest that the Fay1, Fay3, Fay4, and Fay6 accessions belong to Brassica rapa, while Fay2 belongs to Brassica carinata. It can be concluded based on the present findings that the Fay3 genotype with the highest oil content and the lowest erucic acid content compared to the other genotypes can be proposed as a potential donor for future breeding programs for oil production and quality, while Fay1 can be utilized as donor to increase the seed yield per plant.

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“…For instance, extraction of fat-soluble compounds in meat is a process often done with other methods such as the Soxhlet method, Bligh and Dyer method, Folch method, microwave solvent extraction etc. [ 48 ]. Extracting with water may, therefore, be challenging even if the fat-soluble compounds are in any case present in the meat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration

Zaukuu

Gillay

Kovács

2021

Sensors

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The electronic tongue (e-tongue) is an advanced sensor-based device capable of detecting low concentration differences in solutions. It could have unparalleled advantages for meat quality control, but the challenges of standardized meat extraction methods represent a backdrop that has led to its scanty application in the meat industry. This study aimed to determine the optimal dilution level of meat extract for e-tongue evaluations and also to develop three standardized meat extraction methods. For practicality, the developed methods were applied to detect low levels of meat adulteration using beef and pork mixtures and turkey and chicken mixtures as case studies. Dilution factor of 1% w/v of liquid meat extract was determined to be the optimum for discriminating 1% w/w, 3% w/w, 5% w/w, 10% w/w, and 20% w/w chicken in turkey and pork in beef with linear discriminant analysis accuracies (LDA) of 78.13% (recognition) and 64.73% (validation). Even higher LDA accuracies of 89.62% (recognition) and 68.77% (validation) were achieved for discriminating 1% w/w, 3% w/w, 5% w/w, 10% w/w, and 20% w/w of pork in beef. Partial least square models could predict both sets of meat mixtures with good accuracies. Extraction by cooking was the best method for discriminating meat mixtures and can be applied for meat quality evaluations with the e-tongue.

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Extraction methods of fat from food samples and preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatography: A review

Cited by 126 publications

References 107 publications

Improvement of oxidation stability of fatty acid methyl esters derived from soybean oil via partial hydrogenation using dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Improvement of oxidation stability of fatty acid methyl esters derived from soybean oil via partial hydrogenation using dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Morphological Formation, Fatty Acid Profile, and Molecular Identification of Some Landraces of Ethiopian Brassica as a Promising Crop to Support Breeding Programs

Standardized Extraction Techniques for Meat Analysis with the Electronic Tongue: A Case Study of Poultry and Red Meat Adulteration

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