Extraction

Abstract

HE PRESENT REVIEW is closely T patterned after the previous one (240) and represents an extension and expansion of the subject of extraction which has been necessitated by the increased popularity of the technique in chemical analysis. As in the past, the emphasis is on the separation of inorganic-materials. This review surveys the literature from late 1957 to late 1959 and f d o m without overlapping the material presented in the previous review. W W S AND BOOKSThe book by i'dorrison and Freiser (24.2) still represents the only comprehensive treatment of extraction as applied to inorganic analysis. hZore recently their chapter in "Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry" (241) has served to present the ktest information in a rapidly developing area of analysis. An excellent book bv Iwantscheff (161) treats the use of dithizone in micro and trace analysis, and presents much useful information of this chelate extraction system. The new edition of Sandell's book (SOori) also gives increasing emphasis t o extraction methods. A collection of papers presented a t the A.S.T.M. symposium on "Solvent Extraction in the Analysis of Metals" has been published (338) and includes some of the more recent aspects of the subject. With regard to reviews, a number of articles on the use of extraction in analysis have appeared (14, ,966, 360) in addition t o the present series. It is particularly interesting t o note the recognition of the extraction method as a valuable technique in radiochemical separations, and a chapter has been included in the latest volume of "Annual Review of Nuclear Science" (106). Another review of extractions in radiochemical separations is that by Vdovenko (357'). The engineering aspects of the extraction technique continue to be reviemd in an excellent manner by Treybal in the series in Industrial and Ew'neering C h i s t r y (S@), and a new edition of the book by Alders (4) has been published. DCTRACTlON SYSTEMS Because of the greatly increasing number of extraction studies published each year, it hss been necessary to limit this section t o a representative sample of the various investigations of the distribution of metal complexes. These studies describe the extraction behavior of various elements under m e r e n t experimental conditions. Their value is (156) Waters, P. L., J . Sci. In&. 35, 41-6 (1958).

Photochemistry of Dithiocarbamate Cu(II) Complex in CCl4

“…It should be noted that dithiocarbamate complexes of metal ions are widely employed in analytical chemistry, , organic synthesis, medicine, biology, as radiation protectors, , antioxidants and polymer photostabilizers . Dithiocarbamate ligands form complexes with all transition metals.…”

Determination of Traces of Cadmium in Zinc-Rich Materials.

“…Solvent extraction offers the advantages of simpler equipment and greater convenience than the column ion exchange procedures. The success of extractions of the chloroanions of metals by high molecular weight amines (7,8,10) suggested their use in the extraction of iodocadmate. Quantitative extractions of cadmium ivere obtained from 0.L¥ KI solution into an organic phase consisting of a water-insoluble secondary amine dissolved in xylene.…”