Extraction of Biological Hydroxyapatite from Tuna Fish Bone for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Natural hydroxyapatite (HAp) is known for its common use in biomedical applications including in orthopaedic and implantation. HAp can be extracted from natural resources such as eggshells, fish bones and coral. Annually, it is found that huge amount of tuna fish bones were thrown away and being wasted as results from great consumption of tuna fish. In this study, tuna fish bones were extracted and characterised to be used in biomedical applications. Specifically, tuna fish bones were cleaned, and calcined at high temperature of 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C. Powders calcined at 700 °C showed pure HAp compared to powders calcined at 900 °C and 1100 °C which showed the presence of β-TCP. As temperature rising, the morphology of the powders also changes from spherical-shaped to irregular-shaped indicated the substitution of phosphate and calcium from the β-TCP which also influenced the ratio of Ca/P obtained. In this study, powders calcined at 700 °C obtained optimum Ca/P ratio of 1.60. Moreover, EDS analysis showed the presence of tracer elements such as Ca, Mg, Sr Na, K and Zn in all calcined samples. These elements can help improve the biocompatibility of the HAp and beneficial for biomedical applications.

A 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone/Marine Collagen Scaffold Reinforced with Carbonated Hydroxyapatite from Fish Bones for Bone Regeneration

“…EDS analysis was performed to evaluate the presence of trace elements, such as Ca and P, belonging to the isolated CHA and commercial HA, and the results showed a Ca/P weight ratio of 1.96 and1.578 for CHA and HA, respectively (Figure 3), indicating that the extraction process (alkaline hydrolysis) of CHA has affected the Ca/P ratio. However, according to previous studies, the Ca/P ratios of both CHA and HA are not significantly different, and they were within the accepted range for hydroxyapatite [39].…”

“…According to previous studies, the HA derived from fish bones shows improved biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation activity, and enhanced potential for bone formation on scaffolds fabricated with HA. Thus, CHA is a potential biomaterial that can be employed with various synthetic or natural polymers to fabricate tissue-engineered bone substitutes for bone tissue regeneration applications [39]. XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, and EDS analyses of isolated CHA and commercially available HA were performed to compare and determine the crystallinity, chemical composition, and atomic percentage, respectively.…”

Effects of different processes on characteristics and properties of bio‐calcium from hybrid catfish (Pangasianodon gigas × Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

“…Nevertheless, higher yield (approximately 90%) of bone recovery from hoki frame treated by crude enzyme from mackerel intestine for 6 h at optimal conditions in comparison with other proteases was reported (Kim et al, 2003). Latif et al (2020) reported that biocalcium powder contains high calcium and phosphorus, especially calcium in the hydroxyapatite form (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ). Hydroxyapatite was also considered be the same form of calcium-phosphate compound in the human bone (Benjakul et al, 2017(Benjakul et al, , 2018Latif et al, 2020).…”

“…Latif et al (2020) reported that biocalcium powder contains high calcium and phosphorus, especially calcium in the hydroxyapatite form (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ). Hydroxyapatite was also considered be the same form of calcium-phosphate compound in the human bone (Benjakul et al, 2017(Benjakul et al, , 2018Latif et al, 2020).…”

Development, characterization, and principal component analysis of fish bone‐based fortified refined wheat flour tortilla and its organoleptic attributes

“…Kongsri et al (2013); Panda et al (2014) extracted HAp from fish scales. Furthermore, Biazar et al (2020); Hasan et al (2020); Latif et al (2020); Surya et al (2021) used distinct varieties of fish bones to extract HAp using different methods. The routes most commonly used for the synthesis of HAp are sol–gel, precipitation, co‐precipitation, and hydrothermal (Malla et al, 2020).…”