Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers and Their Eco/Friendly Polymer Composites

Agwuncha, Stephen C.; Anusionwu, Chioma G.; Owonubi, Shesan John; Sadiku, Emmanuel Rotimi; Busuguma, Usman A.; Ibrahim, Idowu David

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05399-4_2

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…It involves the chemical cleavage of the cellulose chain at the amorphous region to produce cellulose nanocrystals or the mechanical splitting/separation of the cellulose chains at the crystalline region to produce cellulose nanofibers. These are the two major types of cellulose nanoparticles known and are well defined and described by Agwuncha et al (2019). However, discussion here will focus more on the chemicals used to generate CNPs; either using the chemical or mechanical methods.…”

Section: Depolymerization Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) have been found to possess superior physical, barrier, thermal and mechanical properties in comparison to other fibers extracted from the same sources (Salehpour et al, 2018;Sheikhi, 2019). CNPs are extracted majorly from plants by employing three major successive processes (Taha et al, 2016;Mishra et al, 2018;Salehpour et al, 2018;Agwuncha et al, 2019). These processes include alkalization or mercerization, bleaching and acid hydrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-woody Biomass as Sources of Nanocellulose Particles: A Review of Extraction Procedures

et al. 2021

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Nanocellulose has been reported to be a very useful biomaterial with applications in biomedical, pharmaceutical, built industry, automobile, aerospace and many more. Its advantages over synthetic fibers include renewability, energy efficiency, cost effectiveness, biodegradability and good mechanical and thermal properties. However, the production of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) has focused more on woody plant sources. Non-woody biomass constitutes a large group of plant sources that are yet to be given the proper attention for utilization as raw material for nanocellulose particle production. This group of lignocellulosic biomasses is generally obtained as waste from farming activities, home gardens or office wastes. They are majorly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. However, their composition varies widely from one plant source to another. The variation in their composition results in limitations in the procedures employed in extraction of CNPs and of processing of the extracted CNPs. This means that different biomasses may have different ways by which CNPs are extracted from them. Therefore, this review intends to x-ray these variations, its effect on the structural properties of extracted CNPs and possible ways such limitations can be mitigated.

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Section: Depolymerization Of Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-woody Biomass as Sources of Nanocellulose Particles: A Review of Extraction Procedures

et al. 2021

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“…They are hydrophilic with the hydroxyl groups in each unit available to form hydrogen bonds which could be inter or intra molecular. This property helps the cellulose chain to be more stiff and enhance its rigidity [87,88]. Cellulose is a semi crystalline polymer.…”

Section: Fiber Types and Surface Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Matrix Relationship for Composites Preparation

Shesan¹,

Stephen²,

Chioma³

et al. 2019

Renewable and Sustainable Composites

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Fiber-matrix interaction at the interphase is one very important property that is of great concern to all polymer scientists involved in polymer composites. Many of the failures can be traced to the type of interfacial interaction existing in the composites. That is why highlighting the factors that dictate the type of and the extent of interactions at the interphases become very necessary. Natural fiber polymer composites have found application in many fields of human endeavors. To continue this growth being experienced, the factors that determine the formation of good interaction at the interphase most be understood, so that they can be manipulated for a better result.

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“…The cellulose chains possess a large surface area and are twisted and flexible. NFCs are different from CNCs in that they are composed of many amorphous domains and soft, long chains with widths and lengths often to a few hundred nanometers and several micrometers, respectively [40,41]. Before converting the fibers to CNF, a vigorous mechanical disintegration should be exerted to the cell wall of the plant because of the sophisticated cellulose fiber structure.…”

Section: Cellulose Nanofibers (Cnf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of nanocellulose composites in the environmental engineering: A review

Pagliaro

Ciriminna

Yusuf

et al. 2021

jcc

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Nanocellulose, the most promising bionanomaterial, is obtained either from the degradation of natural polymers or by the activity of bacteria and microorganisms. These biomaterials present various advantages, including full recyclability, biodegradability, and lack of harmful effects on the human body and environment. Furthermore, nanocelluloses are candidates to fabricate thin transparent layers, fibers, hydrogels, and aerogels due to their remarkable optical, thermal, and mechanical behaviors, including high crystallinity, Young's modulus, and porosity content. These exceptional properties present the superb potential of these materials for the device of environmentally engineered tenable products. This paper presents an outline of the contemporary nanocellulose research works as well as details and information on the nanocellulose materials, especially the synthesis process of composites, along with the areas in which these materials can be utilized, such as energy, flocculant, pollution sensors, and catalysts, to respond to the rising requests of these materials.

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Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers and Their Eco/Friendly Polymer Composites

Cited by 23 publications

References 167 publications

Non-woody Biomass as Sources of Nanocellulose Particles: A Review of Extraction Procedures

Non-woody Biomass as Sources of Nanocellulose Particles: A Review of Extraction Procedures

Fiber-Matrix Relationship for Composites Preparation

Application of nanocellulose composites in the environmental engineering: A review

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