Extraction of flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium and antitumor activity in vitro

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to optimize flavonoid extraction from Chrysanthemum morifolium and to study the antitumor effects of flavonoids on human gastric cancer MKN45 cells in vitro. A single factor experiment was designed and the extraction process was optimized using an orthogonal test. MKN45 cells were treated with different concentrations of flavonoid from Chrysanthemum morifolium for 24 and 48 h and the inhibitory effect on the MKN45 cells was evaluated using an MTT assay. Following staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide, flow cytometry was performed. The optimized flavonoid extraction conditions were as follows: Duration of ultrasonic treatment: 35 min; ethanol concentration: 75%; extraction temperature: 80°Cand liquid-to-solid ratio 25: 1. Under the above conditions, the extraction rate of flavonoids was 5.24%. When compared with a blank control group, flavonoids extracted from Chrysanthemum morifolium inhibited the proliferation of MKN45 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, in cell groups treated with low, moderate and high concentrations of flavonoid, it was observed that the proportion of apoptotic cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. The extraction process optimized by the orthogonal test achieved a high yield and satisfactory extraction efficiency. Additionally, the experiment demonstrated that flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium inhibited the growth of MKN45 cells and induced their apoptosis. Thus, flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium exerted antitumor effects on MKN45 cells, which may be exploited as a potential antitumor therapeutic for gastric cancer.

Anticancer drug discovery from Iranian Chrysanthemum cultivars through system pharmacology exploration and experimental validation

“…Recently, it has been determined that flavonoids are the main source of antioxidant activity in Chrysanthemum and have exhibited cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer cells. In a previous study, flavonoids extracted from Chrysanthemum inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner 8 . Luteolin is considered the main reason for the antitumor activity of this plant.…”

An Effective Workflow for Differentiating the Same Genus Herbs of Chrysanthemum morifolium Flower and Chrysanthemum Indicum Flower

“…bioactivities, including anti-inflammation (Su et al, 2012;Han et al, 2015), antioxidation (Cui et al, 2012), cardiovascular protection (He et al, 2012), anticancer (Liu et al, 2018), etc.…”

Comparative biotransformation of luteolin and apigenin from the flower extract and the stem‐and‐leaf extract of Dendranthema morifolium Ramat. Tzvel. in rats

“…In addition, chrysanthemum flowers have been widely used as medicinal herbs and common health supplemental products in many Asian and European countries. The extract of D. morifolium has been reported to possess several potential biological activities, such as antioxidation 1 and anti‐inflammation properties, 2,3 modulation of the intestinal microbiota community, 4 neuroprotective effects 5 and antitumor activities 6 . Previous studies have indicated that chrysanthemum flowers contain diverse constituents, such as flavonoids, 7 polyphenols, 8 lignans, 9 phenolic acids 10 and polysaccharides 4 …”

“…Flavonoids in D. morifolium have been found to possess antitumor activities, such as inhibiting the growth and inducing the apoptosis of gastric, 6 breast and colon 17 cancer cells. By surveying the in vivo biotransformation of the extract of D. morifolium , luteolin (3′,4′,5,7‐tetrahydroxyflavone) and apigenin (4′,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone) ( Fig.…”