Extraction of Functional Components from Freeze-Dried Angelica furcijuga Leaves Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Abstract

Angelica furcijuga (A. furcijuga), as a material for traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in Asian countries, such as China, Korea, and Japan, for several centuries owing to its therapeutic effects. In this study, A. furcijuga leaves were used as starting materials to extract functional substances using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) at pressure and temperature ranges of 20–40 MPa and 40–80 °C, respectively. The extraction process was performed in a semibatch-type system with extraction times of 15–120 min. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that kaempferol, ferulic acid, ligustilide, and butylidenephthalide as selected functional substances were successfully extracted under these operating conditions. An operating pressure of 30 MPa with an extraction time of 60 min seems to be an appropriate pressure to extract functional components from A. furcijuga leaves. The Hansen solubility parameter values and statistical analysis showed that SC-CO2 with 10% ethanol addition is a feasible tool to isolate these selected functional substances from the A. furcijuga matrix.

Extraction and Separation of Natural Products from Microalgae and Other Natural Sources Using Liquefied Dimethyl Ether, a Green Solvent: A Review

“…Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) exhibits an intermediate state between gas and liquid when maintained at high temperatures and pressures above the critical point (31.3 • C, 7.38 MPa) [40]. The use of scCO 2 remarkably improves the extraction efficiency of functional components, enabling selective extraction via temperature or pressure control [41][42][43]. The extraction of functional components using scCO 2 has been applied to various natural food sources, such as essential oils [44], γ-oryzanol [45], chamomile seed oil [46], and hops [47], as well as for caffeine removal [48] and oil extraction from microalgae [49][50][51].…”

“…Moreover, liquefied DME has been used to extract bioactive compounds from citrus leaves and peels (citrus flavonoids) [197], Garcinia mangostana Linn (mangostin) [198], vegetables (proteins) [199], lemon peel tissue (citric acid, vitamin C, and essential oils) [200], tuna liver (fish oil, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) [201,202], macroalgae Monostroma nitidum (Lutein) [203], Japanese knotweed rhizomes (resveratrol and glycoside) [204], Centella asiatica leaves (triterpenoid) [205], hops (α-acids and β-acids) [206], cyanobacteria (fatty acids) [207], sugar mill waste (policosanol and phytosterol) [208], Curcuma longa L. (curcumin) [138], and diatom Chaetoceros simplex var. calcitrans (fucoxanthin) [178] (Figure 5).…”