Extraction of hydrocarbons from the contaminated soil of Pazanan II production unit by supercritical carbon dioxide

Geranmayeh, A.; Mowla, Amir; Rajaei, Hamid; Esmaeilzadeh, Feridun; Kaljahi, Jamshid Fathi

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2012.10.002

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A schematic diagram of the SFE apparatus is shown in Figure 14 . A detailed description of the apparatus is reported in a previous work 40 with a bit of improvement. Here, it is explained briefly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study on Nannochloropsis Oculata’s Lipid Extraction Using Supercritical CO₂ and n-Hexane for Biodiesel Production

et al. 2022

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Biodiesel as a renewable fuel has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Microalgae biomass is becoming an attractive raw material for producing biodiesel using supercritical CO 2 (SC-CO 2 ) as a safe and environmentally friendly technique with high efficiency for lipid extraction. In this study, the lipid of Nannochloropsis oculata was extracted under different conditions of SC-CO 2 to assess the kinetics of supercritical fluid extraction. The effective parameters on lipid extraction, including temperature, pressure, and the existence of n -hexane as a co-solvent, were investigated. The results show that an increase in temperature at low or high pressures causes the kinetic constant of lipid extraction to decrease or increase, respectively. Also, an increase in pressure causes the kinetic constant of lipid extraction to increase at low or high temperatures. The most yield and the most kinetic constant value during extraction with pure CO 2 are about 0.262 [g extracted lipid/g microalgal biomass] and 0.062 min –1 , respectively, at the highest pressure and temperature (i.e., 550 bar and 75 °C). Using SC-CO 2 laced with n -hexane increases both the final yield and the rate of lipid extraction. Also, it improves the quality of the biodiesel fuel through the extraction of unsaturated fatty acids with a concentration of almost two times more than saturated fatty acids. Additionally, results reveal that the effect of adding n -hexane to CO 2 in lipid extraction would be more efficient by increasing the temperature and lowering the pressure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study on Nannochloropsis Oculata’s Lipid Extraction Using Supercritical CO₂ and n-Hexane for Biodiesel Production

et al. 2022

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“…SFE minimizes or completely eliminates the use of hazardous organic solvents, earning it green credentials. It has been used for the extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil [270][271][272], polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human adipose tissue [273], active constituents in medical plants [274,275], petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) in sand [276] and hazardous substances from solid and liquid matrices [277] among many others. Nowadays, SFE has been largely supplanted by pressurized liquid extraction in the analytical laboratories, and is used mainly for preparative purposes.…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extraction (Sfe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques

Aly

Górecki

2020

Molecules

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Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.

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“…(2012) also used CO 2 for the extraction of oil from contaminated soil from the Pazanan II production unit site in Gachsaran, Iran. In this study, the optimum operating parameters such as pressure, temperature, flow rate and duration were obtained to optimize the removal of the contaminant [30].…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extraction (Sfe)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Separation from Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Supercritical and Subcritical Water

S¹,

Gitipour²,

Ardestani³

2018

Journal of Environmental Pollution and Control

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Finding an environmental-friend and an affordable method to remove contaminated soils from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is now an attractive field for researchers. PAHs are slightly soluble, thus hardly dissolve in organic compounds, and also biological and chemical degradation processes are not effective to remove them, and the process of extracting these pollutants from soil is a complex process. Super-critical fluid extraction is an innovative process in the field of contaminated soil treatment. Extraction with super-critical fluid is a simple and rapid extraction process which uses supercritical fluids as solvents. This method addresses extraction methods using supercritical and subcritical fluid. The results showed that the supercritical fluid process is very suitable to remove the pollutants such as PHCs, PAHs, PCBs, dioxins, Furans, phenols, Chlorophenols, insecticides, metals and radioactive substances. The supercritical fluid extraction using CO 2 also has the ability to effectively eliminate organic and inorganic compounds present in different contaminated soils. Moreover, this method is more economical for polluted soil treatment compared to other available methods. On the other hand, using this method that uses water is environment-friendly and has lower cost and a higher safety level. Research has also shown that pressurized hot water extraction (SWE) is a better way to extract PAHs. In this method, the extraction process can be improved by combining the SWE process with the oxidation process by adding oxidants such as air, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, etc.

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Extraction of hydrocarbons from the contaminated soil of Pazanan II production unit by supercritical carbon dioxide

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Kinetic Study on Nannochloropsis Oculata’s Lipid Extraction Using Supercritical CO₂ and n-Hexane for Biodiesel Production

Kinetic Study on Nannochloropsis Oculata’s Lipid Extraction Using Supercritical CO₂ and n-Hexane for Biodiesel Production

Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Separation from Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Supercritical and Subcritical Water

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Extraction of hydrocarbons from the contaminated soil of Pazanan II production unit by supercritical carbon dioxide

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Kinetic Study on Nannochloropsis Oculata’s Lipid Extraction Using Supercritical CO2 and n-Hexane for Biodiesel Production

Kinetic Study on Nannochloropsis Oculata’s Lipid Extraction Using Supercritical CO2 and n-Hexane for Biodiesel Production

Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Separation from Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Supercritical and Subcritical Water

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Product

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Kinetic Study on Nannochloropsis Oculata’s Lipid Extraction Using Supercritical CO₂ and n-Hexane for Biodiesel Production

Kinetic Study on Nannochloropsis Oculata’s Lipid Extraction Using Supercritical CO₂ and n-Hexane for Biodiesel Production