Extraction of manganese by alkyl monocarboxylic acid in a mixed extractant from a leaching solution of spent lithium-ion battery ternary cathodic material

Joo, Sung‐Ho; Shin, Dongju; Oh, Chang‐Hyun; Wang, Jei-Pil; Shin, Shun Myung

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.11.039

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In particular, a mixture of extractants has been employed for the separation and purification of Co and Mn [14][15][16][17][18]. Based on the reported studies, many researchers have been interested in the individual separation of Co and Mn for applications in a field that is different from the final product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Co and Mn for a Co-Mn-Br or Co-Mn-C2H3O2 Petroleum Liquid Catalyst from the Cathode Material of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by a Hydrometallurgical Route

Joo

Shin

et al. 2017

Metals

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Abstract:We investigated the preparation of CMB (cobalt-manganese-bromide) and CMA (cobaltmanganese-acetate) liquid catalysts as petroleum liquid catalysts by simultaneously recovering Co and Mn from spent Li-ion battery cathode material. To prepare the liquid catalysts, the total preparation process for the liquid catalysts consisted of physical pre-treatments, such as grinding and sieving, and chemical processes, such as leaching, solvent extraction, and stripping. In the physical pre-treatment process, over 99% of Al was removed from material with a size of less than 0.42 mm. In the chemical process, the leaching solution as obtained under the following conditions: 2 mol/L sulfuric acid, 10 vol % H 2 O 2 , 0.1 of solid/liquid ratio, and 60 • C. In the solvent extraction process, the optimum concentration of bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), the equilibrium pH, the degree of saponification, the organic phase/aqueous phase ratio isotherm, and the stripping study for the extraction of Co and Mn were investigated. As a result, Co and Mn were recovered by 0.85 M Cyanex 272 with 50% saponification in counter current two extraction stages. Finally, a CMB and CMA liquid catalyst containing 33.1 g/L Co, 29.8 g/L Mn, and 168 g/L Br and 12.67 g/L Co, 12.0 g/L Mn, and 511 g/L C 2 H 3 O 2 , respectively, was produced by 2 M hydrogen bromide and 50 vol % acetic acid; it was also found that a shortage in the concentration can be compensated with cobalt and manganese salts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Co and Mn for a Co-Mn-Br or Co-Mn-C2H3O2 Petroleum Liquid Catalyst from the Cathode Material of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by a Hydrometallurgical Route

Joo

Shin

et al. 2017

Metals

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“…The metals extraction efficiency can be determined by extraction yield and phase separation performance (Zhang et al, 2018d). Joo et al (2016) illustrated a separation process for Li, Co, Ni, and Mn of spent LIBs and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid was used as an extractant during the extraction period. Their results showed that the continuous extraction can meet the recovery efficiency of 99.8% for Li, Co, Ni, and Mn.…”

Section: Recycling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery methods and regulation status of waste lithium-ion batteries in China: A mini review

Zhao

et al. 2019

Waste Manag Res

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Heavy metals such as Co, Li, Mn, Ni, etc. and organic compounds enrich spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These batteries seriously threaten human health and the environment. Meanwhile, with the development of new energy vehicles, the shortage of valuable metal resources which are used as raw materials for power batteries is becoming a serious problem. Using proper methods to recycle spent LIBs can both save resources and protect the environment. Pyrometallury is a kind of recycling method that is operated under high temperature with the aim of recovering useful metals after pre-treatment and organic binder removal with the characteristic of high temperature and it is easy to operate. Hydrometallurgy is characterized by high recovery efficiency, low reaction energy consumption, and high reaction rate, and is widely used in the recycling process of spent LIBs. During biometallurgy, valuable metals in the spent LIBs are extracted by microbial metabolism or microbial acid production processes. Since the drive for green and low secondary pollution, biometallurgy as well as solvent extraction and the electrochemical method have earned more attention during recent years. This mini-review analyzes the relationship between the emergence of new energy vehicles and the recycling status of spent LIBs. Meanwhile, this paper also consists of detailed treatment and recycling methods for LIBs and provides a summary of the management regulations of current waste for LIBs. What is more, the main challenges and further prospects in terms of LIBs management in China are analyzed.

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“…The precipitate was washed with water to redissolve valuable metals that were returned to the leachate, resulting in more than 99% removal of impurity ions albeit with notable losses in valuable metals (−6.7% Co, −14.9% Mn, −19.4% Ni, and −1.6% Li) . On the other hand, under similar pretreatment and leaching conditions, Joo et al precipitated (~100%) small quantities of Al 3+ (830 mg/L), Cu 2+ (5.6 mg/L), and Fe 3+ (10.4 mg/L) simply by adjusting the leachate pH to 4.8 with concentrated NaOH, with negligible coprecipitation of Ni, Mn, and Co. These studies highlight the importance of the pretreatment process to effectively separate impurity metals from valuable components.…”

Section: Selective Metal Recovery From Leachatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This resulted in good selectivity for Ni 2+ (∆pH 50 (Co–Ni) = 1.89 and ∆pH 50 (Mn–Ni) = 2.16) under optimized conditions (0.23M LIX 84‐I, 1.41M Versatic 10 acid, O/A = 1, pH = 5, and 25°C). The research group also explored the use of D2EHPA and Versatic 10 acid to separate Mn 2+ from the same leachate composition . Versatic 10 acid appeared to disrupt the extraction mechanism between D2EHPA and Co 2+ /Mn 2+ in a concentration‐dependent manner.…”

Section: Selective Metal Recovery From Leachatementioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

et al. 2020

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Worldwide trends in mobile electrification, largely driven by the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) will skyrocket demands for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) production. As such, up to four million metric tons of LIB waste from EV battery packs could be generated from 2015 to 2040. LIB recycling directly addresses concerns over long‐term economic strains due to the uneven geographic distribution of resources (especially for Co and Li) and environmental issues associated with both landfilling and raw material extraction. However, LIB recycling infrastructure has not been widely adopted, and current facilities are mostly focused on Co recovery for economic gains. This incentive will decline due to shifting market trends from LiCoO2 toward cobalt‐deficient and mixed‐metal cathodes (eg, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2). Thus, this review covers recycling strategies to recover metals in mixed‐metal LIB cathodes and comingled scrap comprising different chemistries. As such, hydrometallurgical processes can meet this criterion, while also requiring a low environmental footprint and energy consumption compared to pyrometallurgy. Following pretreatment to separate the cathode from other battery components, the active material is dissolved entirely by reductive acid leaching. A complex leachate is generated, comprising cathode metals (Li+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) and impurities (Fe3+, Al3+, and Cu2+) from the current collectors and battery casing, which can be separated and purified using a series of selective precipitation and/or solvent extraction steps. Alternatively, the cathode can be resynthesized directly from the leachate.

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Extraction of manganese by alkyl monocarboxylic acid in a mixed extractant from a leaching solution of spent lithium-ion battery ternary cathodic material

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

Application of Co and Mn for a Co-Mn-Br or Co-Mn-C2H3O2 Petroleum Liquid Catalyst from the Cathode Material of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by a Hydrometallurgical Route

Application of Co and Mn for a Co-Mn-Br or Co-Mn-C2H3O2 Petroleum Liquid Catalyst from the Cathode Material of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by a Hydrometallurgical Route

Recovery methods and regulation status of waste lithium-ion batteries in China: A mini review

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

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