Recovery methods and regulation status of waste lithium-ion batteries in China: A mini review

Abstract

Heavy metals such as Co, Li, Mn, Ni, etc. and organic compounds enrich spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). These batteries seriously threaten human health and the environment. Meanwhile, with the development of new energy vehicles, the shortage of valuable metal resources which are used as raw materials for power batteries is becoming a serious problem. Using proper methods to recycle spent LIBs can both save resources and protect the environment. Pyrometallury is a kind of recycling method that is operated under high temperature with the aim of recovering useful metals after pre-treatment and organic binder removal with the characteristic of high temperature and it is easy to operate. Hydrometallurgy is characterized by high recovery efficiency, low reaction energy consumption, and high reaction rate, and is widely used in the recycling process of spent LIBs. During biometallurgy, valuable metals in the spent LIBs are extracted by microbial metabolism or microbial acid production processes. Since the drive for green and low secondary pollution, biometallurgy as well as solvent extraction and the electrochemical method have earned more attention during recent years. This mini-review analyzes the relationship between the emergence of new energy vehicles and the recycling status of spent LIBs. Meanwhile, this paper also consists of detailed treatment and recycling methods for LIBs and provides a summary of the management regulations of current waste for LIBs. What is more, the main challenges and further prospects in terms of LIBs management in China are analyzed.

A Review on Battery Market Trends, Second-Life Reuse, and Recycling

“…(3) Non-government electronic product recycling platforms are also emerging at Suhuishou, Aihuishou, and Huishoubao [107]. Which has led to over 100 enterprises in China being created that have the relevant qualifications to dismantle e-waste, including LIBs [24,108].…”

“…Biological processing is another way to extract metals via microorganism leaching. Driven by green and low secondary pollution, biological or biometallurgical processes have earned more attention in recent years [107]. However, it is difficult to use on a large scale because of the lack of the cultivation medium [24] and possibly susceptible to interference from a variety of chemicals from the broad range of LIB chemistries.…”

Big-Data-Based Power Battery Recycling for New Energy Vehicles: Information Sharing Platform and Intelligent Transportation Optimization

“…And the waste, unqualified product and test product [36] are obtained from the scrap in the production link. For these three types of batteries, the processing enterprise can convert them through the relationship between production capacity and scrap rate to master the scrap quantity [37]. When the retired battery is in the after-sales maintenance process, due to the geographical factors inherent in 4S stores, power exchange enterprises and repair garages, it is scattered all over the country, and consumers' maintenance situation and battery quantity in the above areas, vehicle enterprises usually do not have real-time and detailed data, and due to the consideration of confidentiality of vehicle and battery information, vehicle enterprises are reluctant to penetrate most situations.…”

Physical processing, dismantling and hydrometallurgical treatment of e-waste: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

“…Whereas our review is global, a strong focus is placed on activities in LIMICs where the most concerning safety challenges are evident. Deliberately, we have excluded from our scope, specific articles that cover lithium batteries, a new and specialist subject for which there are already two very recent reviews (Asadi Dalini et al, 2020;Siqi et al, 2019).…”