Extraction of Nanochitin from Marine Resources and Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites: Recent Advances

Joseph, Blessy; Sam, Rubie Mavelil; Balakrishnan, Preetha; Maria, Hanna J.; Gopi, Sreeraj; Volova, Tatiana G.; Fernandes, Susana C. M.; Thomas, Sabu

doi:10.3390/polym12081664

Cited by 62 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Nanofibrillated chitin gels obtained in an acidic aqueous solution (pH 3) offer a unique possibility to process chitin-based materials in different forms and shapes for different applications. For instance, it can be used as reinforced material for biocomposite preparation [ 41 ] and it can be readily processed into films, hydrogels, or aerogels [ 8 , 16 , 42 ]. In the present work, the preparation and characterization of nanofibrillated chitin films are presented ( Figure 7 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas

et al. 2021

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β-chitin was isolated from marine waste, giant Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas, and further converted to nanofibers by use of a collider machine under acidic conditions (pH 3). The FTIR, TGA, and NMR analysis confirmed the efficient extraction of β-chitin. The SEM, TEM, and XRD characterization results verified that β-chitin crystalline structure were maintained after mechanical treatment. The mean particle size of β-chitin nanofibers was in the range between 10 and 15 nm, according to the TEM analysis. In addition, the β-chitin nanofibers were converted into films by the simple solvent-casting and drying process at 60 °C. The obtained films had high lightness, which was evidenced by the CIELAB color test. Moreover, the films showed the medium swelling degree (250–290%) in aqueous solutions of different pH and good mechanical resistance in the range between 4 and 17 MPa, depending on film thickness. The results obtained in this work show that marine waste can be efficiently converted to biomaterial by use of mild extractive conditions and simple mechanical treatment, offering great potential for the future development of sustainable multifunctional materials for various industrial applications such as food packaging, agriculture, and/or wound dressing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas

et al. 2021

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“…This choice was derived from previous studies reporting on a viscosity mismatch between the two components in the melt, in particular using PLA [ 24 , 37 , 38 ]. In general, a number of CN/polymer nanocomposites, produced and processed from the molten state, have revealed improved mechanical properties along with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity [ 24 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Some studies have reported on the feasibility of electrospinning CN/polymer nanocomposites, for example using CN/chitosan or CN/PCL solutions [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin Nanofibril Application in Tympanic Membrane Scaffolds to Modulate Inflammatory and Immune Response

et al. 2021

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Chitin nanofibrils (CNs) are an emerging bio-based nanomaterial. Due to nanometric size and high crystallinity, CNs lose the allergenic features of chitin and interestingly acquire anti-inflammatory activity. Here we investigate the possible advantageous use of CNs in tympanic membrane (TM) scaffolds, as they are usually implanted inside highly inflamed tissue environment due to underlying infectious pathologies. In this study, the applications of CNs in TM scaffolds were twofold. A nanocomposite was used, consisting of poly (ethylene oxide terephthalate)/(polybutylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT) copolymer loaded with CN/polyethylene glycol (PEG) pre-composite at 50/50 (w/w %) weight ratio, and electrospun into fiber scaffolds, which were coated by CNs from crustacean or fungal sources via electrospray. The degradation behavior of the scaffolds was investigated during 4 months at 37 °C in an otitis-simulating fluid. In vitro tests were performed using cell types to mimic the eardrum, i.e., human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for connective, and human dermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) for epithelial tissues. HMSCs were able to colonize the scaffolds and produce collagen type I. The inflammatory response of HaCaT cells in contact with the CN-coated scaffolds was investigated, revealing a marked downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. CN-coated PEOT/PBT/(CN/PEG 50:50) scaffolds showed a significant indirect antimicrobial activity.

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“…Yu et al synthesized a copolymer of poly (l-lysine) with ChS and studied its efficiency in relation to plasmid DNA adherence capability and gene transfection effect [ 85 ]. Rizeq et al [ 86 ] and Joseph et al [ 6 ] have extensively reviewed the various biomedical applications of ChS NPs.…”

Section: Chitin and Chitosan Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymers of natural origins have been extensively employed not only in the food industry but also in pharmaceuticals [ 6 ]. Chitin, chitosan, alginate, and carrageenan are the most commonly used polysaccharide polymers in various pharmaceutical applications [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] and food quality, safety, and preservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing Chitin/Chitosan Nanofibers and Associated Nanocomposites and Their Attained Medical Milestones

Sivanesan

Gopal²,

Muthu³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Chitin/chitosan research is an expanding field with wide scope within polymer research. This topic is highly inviting as chitin/chitosan’s are natural biopolymers that can be recovered from food waste and hold high potentials for medical applications. This review gives a brief overview of the chitin/chitosan based nanomaterials, their preparation methods and their biomedical applications. Chitin nanofibers and Chitosan nanofibers have been reviewed, their fabrication methods presented and their biomedical applications summarized. The chitin/chitosan based nanocomposites have also been discussed. Chitin and chitosan nanofibers and their binary and ternary composites are represented by scattered superficial reports. Delving deep into synergistic approaches, bringing up novel chitin/chitosan nanocomposites, could help diligently deliver medical expectations. This review highlights such lacunae and further lapses in chitin related inputs towards medical applications. The grey areas and future outlook for aligning chitin/chitosan nanofiber research are outlined as research directions for the future.

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Extraction of Nanochitin from Marine Resources and Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposites: Recent Advances

Cited by 62 publications

References 129 publications

Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas

Utilization of Marine Waste to Obtain β-Chitin Nanofibers and Films from Giant Humboldt Squid Dosidicus gigas

Chitin Nanofibril Application in Tympanic Membrane Scaffolds to Modulate Inflammatory and Immune Response

Reviewing Chitin/Chitosan Nanofibers and Associated Nanocomposites and Their Attained Medical Milestones

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