Extraction of Omega-3 Fatty Acid from Jade Perch (<i>Scortum barcoo</i>) Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis Technique

Abstract

Extraction of omega-3 fatty acid from Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) using enzymatic hydrolysis techniques are expected to be more economically possible techniques due to the uses of the enzyme with the characteristic of environmentally friendly, reusable and less energy required during large-scale production. Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to study the effect of process parameters such as the concentration of alcalase (0.5-1.5%), temperature (50-70 °C) and pH (6.5-8.5) towards the yield of oil. The findings showed 16.55% of oil yield was extracted from the jade perch under an optimum condition at 50 °C, 6.5 pH with 0.5% of enzyme concentration for 2 h incubation time. The fish oil was then undergone enzymatic concentration of omega-3 FA using lipase from Candida rugosa. The acid value and peroxide value of the fish oil was 71.422 mg KOH/g and 0.799 meq/kg, while the acid and peroxide value of the omega-3 concentrated oil was lower to 49.074 mg KOH/g and 0.399 meq/kg. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of C-H stretch, =C-H stretch and C=O stretch bond justified the existence of lipids as it presents of alkanes, alkene, and carboxylic acids functional group. At the same time, GC-MS analysis showed the fish oil contains higher total PUFA content and omega-3 fatty acid content than omega-3 concentrated oil.

Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acids by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Lemuru Fish By-Products

“…GC-MS results show that lemuru fish oil contained a high amount of omega-3. Iberahim et al (2018b) previously studied fatty acid content in Jade Perch fish oil. The authors reported that the Jade Perch fish oil contained 41.89-42.15% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), 29.41% of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and 16.85% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).…”

From waste to value‐added products: A review of opportunities for fish waste valorization

“…In this sense, new alternative technologies have been used such as enzymatic hydrolysis and supercritical extraction by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). These emerging techniques highlight the mild conditions, the possibility of reuse of the enzyme, and the use of CO 2 as a solvent because it is colorless, without the characteristics of toxicity, flammability, and reactivity (Babajafari et al., 2017; Iberahim et al., 2020; Park et al., 2022).…”

“…The enzymatic hydrolysis requires an intermediate extraction time (1–4 h), and is considered a green and safe method that uses lower temperatures (35–55°C) compared to other methods, implying lower energy costs, in addition to the absence of solvent and greater control of process variables; but its limitation is related to the cost and amount of enzyme for large‐scale application (Babajafari et al., 2017; Iberahim et al., 2020). One of the possibilities to lower the cost of the process and increase sustainability, is the optimization of conventional techniques for less mild and sustainable methods, using lower temperatures, less toxic solvents, and fewer enzyme concentrations (Mgbechidinma et al., 2023).…”

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the jade perch (Scortum barcoo)

“…Meanwhile, jade perch contains highly unsaturated fatty acids. A previous report from the Australian Common Wealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in 1998 revealed that the jade perch contains the highest concentration of omega-3 among 200 examined sea food species 4 . Its omega-3 level was approximately three times of that in Atlantic salmon 4 .…”

“…A previous report from the Australian Common Wealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in 1998 revealed that the jade perch contains the highest concentration of omega-3 among 200 examined sea food species 4 . Its omega-3 level was approximately three times of that in Atlantic salmon 4 . Due to these highly nutritional and economical values, jade perch has been widely cultured in many Asian countries, especially in China.…”