Extraction of phenolic compounds from tomato pomace using choline chloride–based deep eutectic solvents

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of deep eutectic solvents (DESs)to extract polyphenolic compounds from tomato pomace with the assistance of ultrasound. The phytochemical constituents of tomato pomace extracts (TPE) were verified with a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) and FTIR analysis. The extracted phenolic compounds from tomato pomace were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The predominant components in tomato pomace extracts were phenolic acids and flavanols. Chlorogenic acid was detected as the main phenolic compound in tomato extracts. The redox behavior of tomato pomace extracts was evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry. Antioxidant activities of the obtained extracts were determined using the DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. The reduction capacity of the extracts was assessed using ferric reducing power (FRAP) and phosphomolybdenum (PM) assays. extracts with DESs are characterized by the highest level of antioxidant activity. Theoretical study based on quantum chemistry/molecular modeling were performed to confirm the antioxidants capacity of compounds of tomato pomace extracts. Quantum chemical descriptors such as the frontier orbital energies (E HOMO and E LUMO ), the energy gap between E HOMO and E LUMO (ΔE), hardness, and electrophilicity index have been calculated and discussed.

Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) Leaf Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity

“…The yield of lotus leaf flavonoids was 126.10 ± 3.64 mg/g and the yield of polyphenols was 113.12 ± 4.28 mg/g, which were 4.23% and 0.40% different from the theoretical values, indicating that the model fit well with the actual one and proved the feasibility of the model. In respect to polyphenol extraction, Viktoria Vorobyova et al [35] investigated the extraction of polyphenols from tomato pomace with the help of ultrasound in a deep eutectic solvent based on choline chloride, and the total phenolic content of the extract was (51.75 ± 1.15 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/g extract dry fraction), which was much lower than the polyphenol extraction rate of the present study.…”

The Most Potent Natural Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Food Ingredients Isolated from Plants with Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…As can be seen from Table , there is no clear tendency for the influence of DES composition on the yield of flavonoids. For example, in the extraction of quercetin from tomatoes, the yield was similar for DES with acidic and diol HBDs (1.02 μg/g for DES ChCl:1,2-propanediol and 1,47 μg/g for ChCl:lactic acid) . In some cases, better results were obtained in an extraction with DES containing diols compared to other HBDs (e.g., the yield of rutin extracted from Fagopyrum esculentum with ChCl:triethylene glycol was higher than that extracted with ChCl:urea; the difference was 380 μg/g) …”

“…An overview of the newest findings in the extraction of these valuable compounds from different types of plant materials using DESs is presented in Table . Several factors (the molar ratio of the HBD and HBA in DES, the method of extraction, the temperature, water addition, and the time of extraction) influencing the efficiency of the process are included. − …”

Plant Extract Based on Deep Eutectic Solvent-Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Effects

“…Nuclei were poorly stained in damaged cells because the pH of the cytoplasm of only alive cells able to divide is shifted to the acidic side, which promotes active chemical interaction with the dye. In general, apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death used to rid the body of cells that have been damaged beyond repair [40,[44][45][46][47].…”