Extraction of Quercetin from Nothopanax scutellarium Leaves via Ionic Liquid-based Microwave-assisted Extraction

Abstract

and analyzed by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences. The leaves were washed and dried in an oven, and the dried sample was crushed using a grinder. Chemical materials and equipmentHSO 4 ), and [HMIM]Br were obtained from Shanghai Cheng Jie Chemical Co. LTD (China). Other chemicals used in this study included NaHCO 3 (Merck, Germany), K 2 HPO 4 (Merck, Germany), NaCl (Merck, Germany), ethyl acetate (Bratachem, Indonesia), methanol (Merck, Germany), glacial acetic acid (Merck, Germany), Aqua Pro Injection (PT. Ikapharmindo Putramas, Indonesia), quercetin standard (Sigma-Aldrich, Siangapore), and distilled water (CV. Satya Darmawan, Indonesia). The equipment used in the ABSTRACT Introduction: Nothopanax scutellarium leaves have been used in Indonesian traditional medicine to treat several diseases. Previous studies used conventional extraction methods with large volumes of organic solvents, long extraction times, and low levels of quercetin content. This study was aimed to identify the optimal solvent among different ionic liquids that has the highest quercetin content. Methods: Ionic liquids including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, for extracting quercetin from N. scutellarium leaves using microwave-assisted extraction under the following conditions: ratio, 1:10; operation time, 10 min; and power, 10 W. Then, quercetin was fractionated using ethyl acetate and separated using 0.01 mol/L sodium bocarbonate, dipotassium phosphate or sodium cloride. The total flavonoid content was determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and quercetin content was determined using HPLC. Results: Extraction with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride using NaCl as the separation salt was associated with the highest total flavonoid (360.57 mg/g) content among the ILs, whereas 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate combined with sodium chloride generated the highest quercetin content (26.13 mg/g). Conclusion: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is the optimal solvent for extracting quercetin from N. scutellarium leaves.

Novel extraction, rapid assessment and bioavailability improvement of quercetin: A review

“…Moreover, acknowledging the current high demand for food safety and quality assurance, researchers have performed experiments into exploring non-destructive, fast, and convenient novel approaches. Also, some scholars exerted their effort for QUR extraction through some emerging extraction modalities such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) [14] , microwave-assisted extraction (MWAE) [15] , supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [16] , enzymes extraction (EE), and [17] , ultrasound-microwave extraction (UMWE) [18] . Nonetheless, scientists have also recently developed innovative non-destructive tools for QUR estimations including fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [19] , [20] .…”

Formulation and Evaluation of Phytosome Lotion From Nothopanax Scutellarium Leaf Extract for Hair Growth

“…Flavonoid was also known for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory [10][11][12]. Based on a previous study, mangkokan leaf was extracted by ionic liquid microwaveassisted extraction method using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4) contains quercetin (26.13 mg/g) [13]. This method has great advantages for extracting plants with high extraction levels and short extraction times [14][15][16][17].…”