Extraction of short chain chitooligosaccharides from fungal biomass and their use as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Crosino, Andrea; Moscato, E; Blangetti, Marco; Carotenuto, Gennaro; Spina, Federica; Bordignon, Simone; Puech‐Pagès, Virginie; Anfossi, Laura; Volpe, Veronica; Prandi, Cristina; Gobetto, Roberto; Varese, Giovanna Cristina; Genre, Andrea

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-83299-6

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…, 2017) of COs mix, previously withthe protocol from Crosino et al. (2021), for 6 and 12 h, and then roots were collected for gene expression analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…com) and were grown hydroponically in a modified Long Ashton (LA) solution containing 3.2 lM Na 2 HPO 4 Á12H 2 O. A set of wild-type (WT + CO) and zas (zas + CO) plants were treated with a concentration of 10 À5 M (Carotenuto et al, 2017) of COs mix, previously withthe protocol from Crosino et al (2021), for 6 and 12 h, and then roots were collected for gene expression analysis.…”

Section: Plant Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zaxinone synthase controls arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization level in rice

et al. 2022

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The Oryza sativa (rice) carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase OsZAS was described to produce zaxinone, a plant growth-promoting apocarotenoid. A zas mutant line showed reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization, but the mechanisms underlying this behavior are unknown. Here, we investigated how OsZAS and exogenous zaxinone treatment regulate mycorrhization. Micromolar exogenous supply of zaxinone rescued root growth but not the mycorrhizal defects of the zas mutant, and even reduced mycorrhization in wildtype and zas genotypes. The zas line did not display the increase in the level of strigolactones (SLs) that was observed in wild-type plants at 7 days post-inoculation with AM fungus. Moreover, exogenous treatment with the synthetic SL analog GR24 rescued the zas mutant mycorrhizal phenotype, indicating that the lower AM colonization rate of zas is caused by a deficiency in SLs at the early stages of the interaction, and indicating that during this phase OsZAS activity is required to induce SL production, possibly mediated by the Dwarf14-Like (D14L) signaling pathway. OsZAS is expressed in arbuscule-containing cells, and OsPT11prom::OsZAS transgenic lines, where OsZAS expression is driven by the OsPT11 promoter active in arbusculated cells, exhibit increased mycorrhization compared with the wild type. Overall, our results show that the genetic manipulation of OsZAS activity in planta leads to a different effect on AM symbiosis from that of exogenous zaxinone treatment, and demonstrate that OsZAS influences the extent of AM colonization, acting as a component of a regulatory network that involves SLs.

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“…, 2017) of COs mix, previously withthe protocol from Crosino et al. (2021), for 6 and 12 h, and then roots were collected for gene expression analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zaxinone synthase controls arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization level in rice

et al. 2022

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“…Our modeling framework was used to reveal the effect of various chitooligosaccharides and lipid treatments on triggering the production of specialized metabolites in Aspergillus fumigatus . Various chitooligosaccharides and lipids were applied as exogenous treatments since they are common constituents found in most fungi [42, 53, 15]. Moreover, it has been previously shown that lipids influence fungal metabolomics [40]; however, the impacts of chitooligosaccharides have remained unknown.…”

Section: Framework To Provide Data-driven Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…specialized metabolite identities were confirmed by MS/MS fragmentation pattern match through either in silico match to public databases and/or direct comparison to a commercially available standard (Figs. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Direct comparisons to standards offer the most confident identifications based on both MS/MS pattern match and confirmation of retention time (RT) by standard addition.…”

Section: Confirmation Of Specialized Metabolite Identities Through Fr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A guidance into the fungal metabolomic abyss: Network analysis for revealing relationships between exogenous compounds and their outputs

Meena¹,

Lane

Tannous

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Fungal specialized metabolites include many bioactive compounds with potential applications as pharmaceuticals, agrochemical agents, and industrial chemicals. Exploring and discovering novel fungal metabolites is critical to combat antimicrobial resistance in various fields, including medicine and agriculture. Yet, identifying the conditions or treatments that will trigger the production of specialized metabolites in fungi can be cumbersome since most of these metabolites are not produced under standard culture conditions. Here, we introduce a data-driven algorithm comprising various network analysis routes to characterize the production of known and putative specialized metabolites and unknown analytes triggered by different exogenous compounds. We use bipartite networks to quantify the relationship between the metabolites and the treatments stimulating their production through two routes. The first, called the direct route, determines the production of known and putative specialized metabolites induced by a treatment. The second, called the auxiliary route, is specific for unknown analytes. We demonstrated the two routes by applying chitooligosaccharides and lipids at two different temperatures to the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We used various network centrality measures to rank the treatments based on their ability to trigger a broad range of specialized metabolites. The specialized metabolites were ranked based on their receptivity to various treatments. Altogether, our data-driven techniques can track the influence of any exogenous treatment or abiotic factor on the metabolomic output for targeted metabolite research. This approach can be applied to complement existing LC/MS analyses to overcome bottlenecks in drug discovery and development from fungi.

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“…While LCO bioactivity has mostly been studied in legumes (Maillet et al, 2011; Sun et al, 2015; Bonhomme et al, 2021), CO are active in all tested AM host plants (Nasir et al, 2021) and their release is boosted upon strigolactone perception (Genre et al, 2013). Furthermore, CO can easily be produced through chitin hydrolysis (Crosino et al, 2021) making them particularly interesting for large scale agricultural applications (Volpe et al, 2020). In this context, we recently demonstrated that plant treatment with exogenous CO prior to fungal inoculation promotes AM colonization with a marked increase in arbuscule development, biomass accumulation and total photosynthetic surface, compared to untreated mycorrhizal plants (Volpe et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-lasting impact of chito-oligosaccharide application on strigolactone biosynthesis and fungal accommodation promotes arbuscular mycorrhiza inMedicago truncatula

Volpe

Chialva

Mazzarella

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) between plants and Glomeromycotina fungi is preceded by the exchange of chemical signals: fungal released Myc-factors, including chitoligosaccharides (CO) and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), activate plant symbiotic responses, while root exuded strigolactones stimulate hyphal branching and boost CO release. In this frame, the reinforcement of fungal signaling through CO application was shown to promote AM development in Medicago truncatula, but the cellular and molecular bases of this effect remained unclear. Here we demonstrate that CO treatment impacted the transcriptome of both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal M. truncatula roots over several weeks, providing a novel insight into the mechanistic bases of the CO-dependent promotion of AM colonization. CO treatment caused the long-lasting regulation of strigolactone biosynthesis and fungal accommodation related genes. This was further validated by mass spectrometry analyses showing an increase in root didehydro-orobanchol content, and live cell imaging demonstrating the promotion of accommodation responses to AM fungi in root epidermal cells. Lastly, an advanced down-regulation of AM symbiosis marker genes was observed at our latest time point in CO-treated plants, in line with an increased number of senescent arbuscules. Overall, CO treatment triggered molecular, metabolic and cellular responses underpinning a protracted acceleration of AM development.

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Extraction of short chain chitooligosaccharides from fungal biomass and their use as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Zaxinone synthase controls arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization level in rice

Zaxinone synthase controls arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization level in rice

A guidance into the fungal metabolomic abyss: Network analysis for revealing relationships between exogenous compounds and their outputs

Long-lasting impact of chito-oligosaccharide application on strigolactone biosynthesis and fungal accommodation promotes arbuscular mycorrhiza inMedicago truncatula

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