Extracts of Agrimonia eupatoria L. as sources of biologically active compounds and evaluation of their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities

Abstract

In this study, we determined the concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and proanthocyanidins in the water, diethyl ether, acetone, and ethanol extracts of Agrimonia eupatoria L. We also investigated the antioxidant activity of these extracts using two methods [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power] and their in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity on some selected species of bacteria and fungi. In addition, the effects of the acetone and water extracts on the inhibition of biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated using the crystal violet method. The concentration of total phenols was measured according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the values obtained ranged from 19.61 mgGA/g to 220.31 mgGA/g. The concentration of flavonoids was examined by the aluminum chloride method and the values obtained ranged from 20.58 mgRU/g to 97.06 mgRU/g. The total tannins concentration was measured by the polyvinylpolypyrrolidone method and the values obtained ranged from 3.06 mgGA/g to 207.27 mgGA/g. The concentration of proanthocyanidins was determined by the butanol-HCl method and the values obtained ranged from 4.15 CChE/g to 103.72 CChE/g. Among the various extracts studied, the acetone extract exhibited good antioxidant activity (97.13%, as determined by the DPPH method). The acetone extract was active in the absorbance value range from 2.2665 to 0.2495 (as determined by the reducing power method). The strongest antimicrobial activity was detected on G bacteria, especially on probiotic species, and the acetone extract demonstrated the highest activity. Biofilm inhibitory concentration required to reduce biofilm coverage by 50% values for acetone extract was 4315 μg/mL for P. mirabilis and 4469.5 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The results provide a basis for further research of this plant species.

Protective Role of Agrimonia eupatoria L. in Heavy Metal Induced Nephrotoxicity

“…Natural substances are often used as protection against toxicants or in symptomatic therapy, because of their effectiveness and relatively low risk of adverse effects. Agrimony as a plant has a long tradition of use as a folk medicine and has shown great potential in the treatment and also in the protection of organisms against various diseases [1,4,10,18].…”

In vitro interaction between Agrimonia eupatoria L.: Extracts and antibiotic

“…It is known that plant synthesizes secondary metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial activity (DUGLER and GONUZ, 2004;CWIKLA et al, 2010;MURUZOVIĆ et al, 2016). According to our previous study, A. eupatoria extracts showed antimicrobial activity (MURUZOVIĆ et al, 2016), but there are no data on synergy between extracts of this plant and antibiotics.…”

“…According to the previous studies, A. eupatoria is very rich in secondary metabolites and it was detected that it contained: tannin, flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenoids (SENDA and ZIEBA, 1972;BILLA et al, 1993a;BILLA et al, 1993b;FENG et al, 2013;GRANICA et al, 2013). It is known that plant synthesizes secondary metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial activity (DUGLER and GONUZ, 2004;CWIKLA et al, 2010;MURUZOVIĆ et al, 2016). According to our previous study, A. eupatoria extracts showed antimicrobial activity (MURUZOVIĆ et al, 2016), but there are no data on synergy between extracts of this plant and antibiotics.…”

Aktivitas Penangkalan Radikal Bebas dan Kemampuan Reduksi Ekstrak Kulit Kayu Akway (Drimys piperita Hook. f.)

“…Hasil yang sama juga diperoleh pada Agrimonia eupatoria dan Syzygium aromaticum. Ekstrak aseton Agrimonia eupatoria dengan kandungan total fenol paling tinggi, yaitu 220,31 mg EAG/g pada konsentrasi 62,5-1000 µg/ml memiliki kemampuan reduksi paling tinggi, yaitu 0,25-2,27, dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol dan air dengan kandungan total fenol masing-masing sebesar 123,9 mg EAG/g dan 118,47 mg EAG/g menghasilkan kemampuan reduksi yang lebih rendah yaitu masingmasing sebesar 0,09-1,62 dan 0,12-0,95 (Muruzovic et al, 2016). Pada ekstrak aseton Syzygium aromaticum yang mengandung total fenol tertinggi, yaitu 200,20 mg EAG/g juga menghasilkan kemampuan reduksi yang paling tinggi, yaitu sebesar 0,88 dibandingkan ekstrak metanol dan air masing-masing sebesar 0,81 dan 0,76 (Adaramola and Inigbinde, 2016).…”

“…Kemampuan reduksi ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan etilasetat pada konsentrasi 100 µg/ml masing-masing sebesar 0,36; 0,26; dan 0,15 kemudian meningkat masing-masing menjadi 1,27; 0,82; dan 0,43 pada konsentrasi 800 µg/ml. Peningkatan kemampuan reduksi ekstrak dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi juga dilaporkan pada ekstrak air, etanol, dietileter dan aseton dari Agrimonia eupatoria (Muruzovic et al, 2016), ekstrak air, metanol dan etiasetat Eremurus himalaicus (Mushtag et al, 2017) dan subfraksi ekstrak metanol Salvia mirzayanii (Moein et al, 2008).…”