Extreme Energy Absorption in Glassy Polymer Thin Films by Supersonic Micro-projectile Impact

Hyon, Jinho; Lawal, Olawale; Fried, Omri; Thevamaran, Ramathasan; Yazdi, Sadegh; Zhou, Mujin; Veysset, David; Kooi, Steven E.; Jiao, Yang; Hsiao, Ming-Siao; Streit, Jason K.; Vaia, Richard A.; Thomas, Edwin L.

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2018.07.014

Cited by 68 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…12), 𝐸 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑔 , is supposed to equal 𝜌ℎ𝐴 𝑝 𝑣 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑔 2 2 ⁄ , where 𝜌, ℎ, and 𝑣 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑔 are the specimen's mass density, thickness, and a velocity of a plug, respectively. The direct kinetic energy transfer to a plug of a specimen has been observed in penetration of free-standing thin-films of polystyrene (3,148), polycarbonate (149), multilayer graphene (150,151), and graphene nanocomposites (152) with hard, solid silica projectiles. A material's physical responses become localized near the projectile when (i) the projectile speed is fast or comparable to the propagation speed of deformation (∝ √𝐸 𝜌 ⁄ or √𝐺 𝜌 ⁄ ) and (ii) the onset of material failure at the direct impact area (or projectile's crosssectional area 𝐴 𝑝 ) is faster.…”

Section: High Strain Rate Responses Of Nano-scale Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often, a material's properties and performance cannot be established under all realistic operational conditions but have to be inferred from standardized experiments under a limited range of conditions and then extrapolating to more extreme conditions using dimensional analysis and similarity laws (1,2). In the case of a material's response to deformation, low rate testing can certainly hint at high-speed performance but it has been shown repeatedly that unexpected material behavior can emerge at increasing strain rates and smaller size scales (3)(4)(5)(6). Perhaps the first record of such an observation was by Galileo, who noted that a hammer blow leads to effects that would not be observed when the same enormous force is applied slowly under near static conditions (called quasi-static) (7).…”

Section: Introduction: From Macroscale To Microscale Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the rapid development of nano-technologies and the rich emerging micro-mechanisms and mechanical devices at smaller scales, the standard macro-scale projectile launchers are inappropriate because their projectiles are too large. Samples endowed with novel properties through their nano-scale architectures are often produced in small quantities on the order of a picogram with a corresponding volume of ~1 um 3 (for a typical polymer density of 1 g/cm 3 ). Considering these dimensions, macro-scale impact experiments are nearly impossible.…”

Section: Introduction: From Macroscale To Microscale Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-velocity micro-projectile impact testing

Veysset

Lee

Hassani

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Reviews

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High-velocity microparticle impacts are relevant to many fields from space exploration to additive manufacturing and can be used to help understand the physical and chemical behaviors of materials under extreme dynamic conditions. Recent advances in experimental techniques for single microparticle impacts have allowed fundamental investigations of dynamical responses of wide-ranging samples including soft materials, nano-composites, and metals, under strain rates up to 10 8 s -1 . Here we review experimental methods for high-velocity impacts spanning 15 orders of magnitude in projectile mass and compare method performances. Next, we present a review of recent studies using the laser-induced particle impact test technique comprising target, projectile, and synergistic target-particle impact response. We conclude by presenting the future perspectives in the field of high-velocity impact. FIG. 1. Impact testing techniques and applications, along with lines of constant characteristic strain rates. All-capital labels are associated with shaded regions of the same color.

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Section: High Strain Rate Responses Of Nano-scale Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: From Macroscale To Microscale Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction: From Macroscale To Microscale Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High-velocity micro-projectile impact testing

Veysset

Lee

Hassani

et al. 2021

Applied Physics Reviews

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“…55 In addition, the ratio between projectile radius and lm thickness is relatively small compared to standard thin lm LIPIT. 53,62,63 The small ratio in this work was purposely chosen to investigate and highlight the frictional effects in the thickness direction on the impact response of lms, similar to a previous experimental study on high strain rate deformation of layered nanocomposites using LIPIT. 52 This is because when the projectile radius is orders of magnitude larger than the lm thickness, the deformation in the thickness direction of the lm can be usually treated as uniform and the interlayer friction inside the lm would be negligible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact resistance of nanocellulose films with bioinspired Bouligand microstructures

et al. 2019

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The Bouligand structure features a helicoidal (twisted plywood) layup of fibers that are uniaxially arranged in-plane and is a hallmark of biomaterials that exhibit outstanding impact resistance. Despite its performance advantage, the underlying mechanisms for its outstanding impact resistance remain poorly understood, posing challenges for optimizing the design and development of bio-inspired materials with Bouligand microstructures. Interestingly, many bio-sourced nanomaterials, such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), readily self-assemble into helicoidal thin films with inter-layer (pitch) angles tunable via solvent processing. Taking CNC films as a model Bouligand system, we present atomisticallyinformed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to measure the ballistic performance of thin films with helicoidally assembled nanocrystals by subjecting them to loading similar to laser-induced projectile impact tests. The effect of pitch angle on the impact performance of CNC films was quantified in the context of their specific ballistic limit velocity and energy absorption. Bouligand structures with low pitch angles (18-42 ) were found to display the highest ballistic resistance, significantly outperforming other pitch angle and quasi-isotropic baseline structures. Improved energy dissipation through greater interfacial sliding, larger in-plane crack openings, and through-thickness twisting cracks resulted in improved impact performance of optimal pitch angle Bouligand CNC films. Intriguingly, decreasing interfacial interactions enhanced the impact performance by readily admitting dissipative inter-fibril and inter-layer sliding events without severe fibril fragmentation. This work helps reveal structural and chemical factors that govern the optimal mechanical design of Bouligand microstructures made from high aspect ratio nanocrystals, paving the way for sustainable, impact resistant, and multifunctional films.

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“…In contrast, the laser-induced particle impact test (LIPIT) [21,22], which can launch microparticles to supersonic velocities, is well suited for studying high-rate deformations relevant to micro-impacts applications. For instance, the LIPIT apparatus has recently been used to investigate a variety of impact behaviors including impact bonding and impact erosion of metals [23][24][25][26][27], dynamic stiffening of elastomers [22,[28][29][30][31], perforation of thin films [32][33][34], and penetration in gelatin [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Strain-Rate Behavior of a Viscoelastic Gel Under High-Velocity Microparticle Impact

et al. 2020

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Background: Impact experiments, routinely performed at the macroscale, have long been used to study mechanical properties of materials. Microscale high-velocity impact, relevant to applications such as ballistic drug delivery has remained largely unexplored at the level of a single impact event. Objective: In this work, we study the mechanical behavior of polymer gels subjected to high-velocity microparticle impact, with strain rates up to 10 7 s -1 , through direct visualization of the impact dynamics. Methods: In an all-optical laserinduced particle impact test, 10-24 μm diameter steel microparticles are accelerated through a laser ablation process to velocities ranging from 50 to 1000 m/s. Impact events are monitored using a high-speed multiframe camera with nanosecond time resolution. Results: We measure microparticle trajectories and extract both maximum and final penetration depths for a range of particle sizes, velocities, and gel concentrations. We propose a modified Clift-Gauvin model and demonstrate that it adequately describes both individual trajectories and penetration depths. The model parameters, namely, the apparent viscosity and impact resistance, are extracted for a range of polymer concentrations. Conclusions: Laser-induced microparticle impact test makes it possible to perform reproducible measurements of the single particle impact dynamics on gels and provides a quantitative basis for understanding these dynamics. We show that the modified Clift-Gauvin model, which accounts for the velocity dependence of the drag coefficient, offers a better agreement with the experimental data than the more commonly-used Poncelet model. Microscale ballistic impact

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Extreme Energy Absorption in Glassy Polymer Thin Films by Supersonic Micro-projectile Impact

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

High-velocity micro-projectile impact testing

High-velocity micro-projectile impact testing

Impact resistance of nanocellulose films with bioinspired Bouligand microstructures

High-Strain-Rate Behavior of a Viscoelastic Gel Under High-Velocity Microparticle Impact

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