Extreme mass homicide: From military massacre to genocide

Dutton, Donald G.; Boyanowsky, Ehor O.; Bond, Michael Harris

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2004.06.002

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Political scientist Welch (1993), after reviewing several wars, from the Crimean War to World Wars I and II, concluded that the moral motivation for justice was a major factor in all of these wars. Others argue that a perception that the target group obtained unfair advantage in the past is common to many instances of genocide (Dutton, Boyanowsky, & Bond, 2005; Staub, 2000). This is how Hitler saw the Jews, and how the Hutu extremists in Rwanda portrayed the Tutsi.…”

Section: The Role Of Moral Concerns In Intergroup Conflict and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Moral‐Existential Account of the Psychological Factors Fostering Intergroup Conflict

Kesebir

Pyszczynski

2011

Social & Personality Psych

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We combine ideas from terror management and moral foundations theories to analyze the role of existential and moral concerns in the creation and escalation of intergroup conflict. We argue that moral values, as important components of cultural worldviews, serve to buffer existential anxiety. Perceived threats to one’s moral values thus are capable of inducing existential anxiety and unleashing strong moral emotions, creating the psychological impetus for intergroup conflict and violence. We review evidence that threats to the five core moral intuitions posited by moral foundations theory (harm/care, fairness/reciprocity, ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/ sanctity) are associated with existential anxiety and that this contributes to intergroup strife and violence. Moral and existential concerns combine to create a vicious feedback loop that leads to self‐perpetuating spirals of violence, which helps explain the intractability of many real‐life conflicts.

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Section: The Role Of Moral Concerns In Intergroup Conflict and Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Moral‐Existential Account of the Psychological Factors Fostering Intergroup Conflict

Kesebir

Pyszczynski

2011

Social & Personality Psych

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“…Nevertheless, unpalatable though it may be to consider the joys of bigotry (Billig, 2002a; Frosh, 2002), such joys are not restricted to sadists and psychopaths. They also occur in non‐clinical groups (Browning, 1991; Dutton et al , 2005; Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1983) – if cruelty is committed in a group context (Nell, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third criticism of the cognitive approach to prejudice is that it fails to explain the extremes of bigotry sometimes observed in the world but rarely in the laboratory (Billig, 2002a, 2002b; Brown, 2002; Frosh, 2002). As Dutton and colleagues conclude with reference to soldiers who massacre, ‘the explanation of the specific forms of violence, rape, mutilation, torture, etc., is not forthcoming from current psychological knowledge […] psychology has not attempted to account for the extremity of massacre’ (Dutton, Boyanowsky, & Bond, 2005, p. 470). Conceptualizing prejudice as a continuum may be taken as implying that progression towards the extremes of that continuum simply involves ‘more of the same’ contributory factors, rather than a qualitative shift in which new factors come into play.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disgust is a factor in extreme prejudice

Taylor

2007

British J Social Psychol

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Understanding intergroup prejudice is a dominant research focus for social psychology. Prejudice is usually conceptualized as a continuum of positive/negative affect, but this has limitations. It neither reflects people's ability to maintain simultaneous positive and negative stereotypes of others nor explains extreme prejudice (bigotry). Some researchers have proposed multidimensional models of prejudice in which different negative emotions are evoked depending on the situation. Extending this to bigotry raises the question of which emotions are most relevant. Therefore, this study looked at 'anti-group' texts--writings which promote extreme intergroup hostility--and analysed the frequency of emotive language. Findings suggest that bigotry may be distinguished by high levels of disgust.

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“…Le tableau ci-dessous résume brièvement les avenues empruntées jusqu'à présent. Plusieurs auteurs visant une explication multifactorielle (par exemple, Waller, 2002 ;Dutton et al, 2005) marient sans trop de souci ces explications diverses alors que certaines reposent sur des conceptions opposées de la normativité et de la relation des acteurs à leurs propres valeurs. Bref, beaucoup reste encore à faire.…”

Section: Conclusion : Quelques Questions De Rechercheunclassified

Le mégacrime, légitimité, légalité et obéissance

Leman‐Langlois

2007

crimino

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RésuméCet article passe en revue diverses théories criminologiques et les confronte à la réalité de ce que l’auteur appelle les « mégacrimes » (actes généralement criminalisés et produisant la perte de vies humaines à grande échelle). Il en ressort que les outils théoriques de la criminologie sont largement impuissants lorsqu’il s’agit de rendre compte de tels crimes. Non pas qu’ils soient à l’extérieur de son objet, il s’agit bien de conduites dommageables réfléchies, organisées, produisant des victimes et impliquant des systèmes de droit, après tout, mais bien que la discipline se soit surtout penchée sur les conduites purement individuelles.

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Extreme mass homicide: From military massacre to genocide

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

A Moral‐Existential Account of the Psychological Factors Fostering Intergroup Conflict

A Moral‐Existential Account of the Psychological Factors Fostering Intergroup Conflict

Disgust is a factor in extreme prejudice

Le mégacrime, légitimité, légalité et obéissance

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