Extrusion of the biodegradable ZnMg0.8Ca0.2 alloy – The influence of extrusion parameters on microstructure and mechanical characteristics

Čapek, Jaroslav; Kubásek, Jiří; Pinc, Jan; Drahokoupil, Jan; Čavojský, Miroslav; Vojtěch, Dalibor

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103796

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Minimizing the number of operations would be beneficial for the patients and could also bring significant financial savings [1,26]. As shown in our previous study [32], the mechanical and tensile strength of the investigated material fulfilled all the basic criteria for the fabrication of bone implants [45]. Magnesium alloys also have good mechanical properties [3,12], are well tolerated by bone and soft tissues [2,3], but produce gas bubbles [2,3,28], diminishing the possibilities of their practical use in human and veterinary medicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Zn–0.8Mg–0.2Sr (wt.%) Absorbable Screws—An In-Vivo Biocompatibility and Degradation Pilot Study on a Rabbit Model

et al. 2021

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In this pilot study, we investigated the biocompatibility and degradation rate of an extruded Zn–0.8Mg–0.2Sr (wt.%) alloy on a rabbit model. An alloy screw was implanted into one of the tibiae of New Zealand White rabbits. After 120 days, the animals were euthanized. Evaluation included clinical assessment, microCT, histological examination of implants, analyses of the adjacent bone, and assessment of zinc, magnesium, and strontium in vital organs (liver, kidneys, brain). The bone sections with the implanted screw were examined via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). This method showed that the implant was covered by a thin layer of phosphate-based solid corrosion products with a thickness ranging between 4 and 5 µm. Only negligible changes of the implant volume and area were observed. The degradation was not connected with gas evolution. The screws were fibrointegrated, partially osseointegrated histologically. We observed no inflammatory reaction or bone resorption. Periosteal apposition and formation of new bone with a regular structure were frequently observed near the implant surface. The histological evaluation of the liver, kidneys, and brain showed no toxic changes. The levels of Zn, Mg, and Sr after 120 days in the liver, kidneys, and brain did not exceed the reference values for these elements. The alloy was safe, biocompatible, and well-tolerated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Zn–0.8Mg–0.2Sr (wt.%) Absorbable Screws—An In-Vivo Biocompatibility and Degradation Pilot Study on a Rabbit Model

et al. 2021

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“…Materials based on iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg) have been widely investigated as potential BMs for orthopedic applications [ 15 , 22 , 31 , 37 , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] ]. The microstructure of Zn alloys mainly contains a matrix phase (α-Zn) and second phases called intermetallic phases, which are generally hard and brittle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives

Kabir

Munir

Wen

et al. 2021

Bioactive Materials

235

143

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Biodegradable metals (BMs) gradually degrade in vivo by releasing corrosion products once exposed to the physiological environment in the body. Complete dissolution of biodegradable implants assists tissue healing, with no implant residues in the surrounding tissues. In recent years, three classes of BMs have been extensively investigated, including magnesium (Mg)-based, iron (Fe)-based, and zinc (Zn)-based BMs. Among these three BMs, Mg-based materials have undergone the most clinical trials. However, Mg-based BMs generally exhibit faster degradation rates, which may not match the healing periods for bone tissue, whereas Fe-based BMs exhibit slower and less complete in vivo degradation. Zn-based BMs are now considered a new class of BMs due to their intermediate degradation rates, which fall between those of Mg-based BMs and Fe-based BMs, thus requiring extensive research to validate their suitability for biomedical applications. In the present study, recent research and development on Zn-based BMs are reviewed in conjunction with discussion of their advantages and limitations in relation to existing BMs. The underlying roles of alloy composition, microstructure, and processing technique on the mechanical and corrosion properties of Zn-based BMs are also discussed.

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“…However, the main drawback of pure zinc is its relatively poor mechanical properties of zinc for some applications (such as orthopaedic). These properties are often enhanced by addition of other harmless elements, such as calcium, magnesium, strontium, manganese or lithium [11][12][13]. The other function of the alloying elements or substances normally occurring in the body is the participation of those components on the healing process by involving into metabolic processes [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those phases increase values of mechanical characteristics and fasten the corrosion degradation through the formation of the galvanic Zn-Mg2Zn11 cells [19]. Calcium as another representative from the 2 nd group of periodic table is also often used for the alloying of zinc for the biodegradable applications [11,20]. Except the Ca/bone metabolism, calcium with zinc form phases possessing high hardness and relatively brittle behaviour (even at a low content) [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possibilities of different processing approaches give us a lot of options to optimize the properties of the material for particular application. Zinc alloys with a content of magnesium and calcium were, until now, processed by various methods from casting to thermomechanical processing as extrusion [11,25]. These methods often influence the texture, grain sizes, formation of additional phases and also lead to different levels of deformation energy stored in the material after processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural characterization and optimization of the ZnMg0.8(CaO)0.26 alloy processed by ball milling and subsequent extrusion

Pinc¹,

Školáková²,

Veřtát³

et al. 2020

Manufacturing Technology

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Zinc is one of the most promising elements for the preparation of biodegradable metallic implants. Despite low mechanical performance for load-bearing applications, the degradation characteristics of pure zinc belong to the best from all significant biodegradable metals (Zn, Mg, Fe). The enhancement of the mechanical properties is often reached using various methods of material processing, leading to grain refinement and subsequent enhancement of the mechanical properties. In this study, the microstructure, phase composition and the possible mechanisms of intermetallic phase formation in the ZnMgCaO alloy prepared by high energy ball milling and consolidated by extrusion were studied. Formation of the Mg2Zn11, MgZn2 and CaZn13 phases during the material processing was confirmed. The creation of the phases was, with high probability, significantly affected by the magnitudes of individual components of internal energy. The increment of the internal energy led to the formation of stable Mg2Zn11 phase as well as to CaZn13 formation. Based on our results and the characterization of the microstructure, the most suitable conditions for the preparation of a ZnMgCaO alloy were found.

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Extrusion of the biodegradable ZnMg0.8Ca0.2 alloy – The influence of extrusion parameters on microstructure and mechanical characteristics

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

Zn–0.8Mg–0.2Sr (wt.%) Absorbable Screws—An In-Vivo Biocompatibility and Degradation Pilot Study on a Rabbit Model

Zn–0.8Mg–0.2Sr (wt.%) Absorbable Screws—An In-Vivo Biocompatibility and Degradation Pilot Study on a Rabbit Model

Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives

Microstructural characterization and optimization of the ZnMg0.8(CaO)0.26 alloy processed by ball milling and subsequent extrusion

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