Eye-closure increases children's memory accuracy for visual material

Mastroberardino, Serena; Vredeveldt, Annelies

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00241

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…It is quite possible that even though 'eye closure' combined with 'questioning' can sometimes improve recall (Gudjonsson, 1992;Vredeveldt et al, 2015), such effects are not strong enough to be significant when tested only for the second recall attempt where the number of recalled units of information is somewhat small, in comparison with the number of recalled details throughout the whole interview. Furthermore, for the purpose of conducting adequate investigative interviews, the interviewer allowed two participants to spontaneously use 'eye closure' in the RECI1 condition, and always tried to reduce to a minimum all possible auditory and visual distractions in the interview environment for all interview conditions which research suggests that may be as effective as 'eye-closure' (Mastroberardino & Vredeveldt, 2014;Vredeveldt et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Enhanced Cognitive Interview With a New Interview Strategy: Category Clustering Recall

Paulo

Albuquerque

Bull

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Increasing recall is crucial for investigative interviews. The Enhanced Cognitive Interview (ECI) has been widely used for this purpose and found to be generally effective. We focused on further increasing recall with a new interview strategy, Category Clustering Recall (CCR). Participants watched a mock robbery video and were interviewed 48 hours later with either the: (1) ECI; (2) Revised Enhanced Cognitive Interview 1 (RECI1)-with CCR instead of the change order mnemonic during the second recall; or (3) Revised Enhanced Cognitive Interview 2 (RECI2)-also with CCR but conjunctly used with 'eye closure' and additional open-ended follow up questions. Participants interviewed with CCR (RECI1 and RECI2) produced more information without compromising accuracy, thus Category Clustering Recall was effective. 'Eye closure' and additional open-ended follow up questions did not further influence recall when using CCR. Major implications for real-life investigations are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Enhanced Cognitive Interview With a New Interview Strategy: Category Clustering Recall

Paulo

Albuquerque

Bull

2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“… It is also known that recalling an image with closed eyes might be preferable for some of us. This effect has not yet been fully understood 21 , 22 , and has posted a challenge in practice for eye movement recording using video-based eye trackers. Many previous studies consistently reported that eye movements while looking at nothing contain a large distortion due to the lack of reference frame.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational discrimination between natural images based on gaze during mental imagery

Wang

Ley

Koch

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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When retrieving image from memory, humans usually move their eyes spontaneously as if the image were in front of them. Such eye movements correlate strongly with the spatial layout of the recalled image content and function as memory cues facilitating the retrieval procedure. However, how close the correlation is between imagery eye movements and the eye movements while looking at the original image is unclear so far. In this work we first quantify the similarity of eye movements between recalling an image and encoding the same image, followed by the investigation on whether comparing such pairs of eye movements can be used for computational image retrieval. our results show that computational image retrieval based on eye movements during spontaneous imagery is feasible. furthermore, we show that such a retrieval approach can be generalized to unseen images. Research on eye movements during visual imagery has a long history. Early investigations 1-3 from the beginning of the twentieth century have established a link between eye movements during visual imagery and mental images, based on observations of eye movements during imagery. Neisser 4 argued that eye movements are actively associated with the construction of a visual image, and Hebb 5 suggested that eye movements during imagery and memory retrieval are necessary to assemble and organize "part images" into a whole visualized image. Many recent studies 6-14 have shown that humans spontaneously move their eyes when recalling a scene from memory and that such eye movement patterns closely resemble the spatial arrangement of the elements of the recalled content. This effect has not only been demonstrated for participants who encode visual scenes and later recall those scenes while looking at an empty screen 6,7,9,11,14,15 , but also for participants who encode verbal information in association with a spatial cue and later recall such information while looking at an empty screen 12,13. Moreover, it has been shown that participants who listen to scene descriptions also make eye movements which correspond to spatial positions from the described scene 7,14,15. Previous studies evaluated the functionality of eye movements to blank space. Results suggest that eye movements while looking at nothing play a functional role during memory retrieval, and act as "spatial indices" 4,5,11,12,16 that may provide assistance in memorizing the spacial layout of a scene 4-6,11. However, it has been argued whether such eye movements can facilitate memory retrieval as additional cues 17,18. In support of such a functional role, impaired episodic memory performance has been reported in experiments where participants were restricted to look at a fixation cross during recall 9-11,15. In Johansson et al. 9 , participants' gaze directions were manipulated towards positions on an empty screen that are either overlapped with the original locations of the to-be-retrieved visuospatial information or selected randomly at irrelevant locations. Results demonstrated that the likelihood of succes...

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“…Previous studies have established eye-closure as an effective method to aid memory retrieval (e.g., Perfect et al, 2008 ; Mastroberardino et al, 2012 ; Mastroberardino and Vredeveldt, 2014 ) and to improve performance on mathematical queries and general-knowledge questions ( Glenberg et al, 1998 ), arguably because eye-closure effectively reduces interference from external stimulation. A similar mechanism is considered to be responsible for gaze aversion, that is, the phenomenon that people direct their gaze away from salient stimuli such as the eyes of a conversation partner, when they engage in a cognitively demanding task such as memory retrieval ( Glenberg et al, 1998 ; Phelps et al, 2006 ; Doherty-Sneddon et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye-Closure Enhances Creative Performance on Divergent and Convergent Creativity Tasks

2018

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In today’s world of rapid changes and increasing complexity, understanding and enhancing creativity is of critical importance. Studies investigating EEG correlates of creativity linked power in the alpha frequency band to creativity, and alpha-power has been interpreted as reflecting attention on internal mental representations and inhibition of external sensory input. Thus far, however, there is no direct evidence for the idea that internally directed attention facilitates creativity. The aim of the current study was to experimentally investigate the relationship between eye-closure—a simple and effective means to stimulate internally directed attention—and creativity. Moreover, to test whether the potential beneficial effect of eye-closure is specific for creativity, or whether it improves general cognitive functioning, the current study tested the effect of eye-closure on creativity and on working memory (WM). Participants completed four tasks to measure divergent and convergent creativity (Adapted Alternative Uses (AAU) Test, Remote Associates Test (RAT), Sentence Construction Test, and Word Construction Test), and one task to measure WM (Digit Span Test). For each task, participants had to perform two versions, one version with eyes open and one version with eyes closed. Eye-closure facilitated creative performance on the classical divergent and convergent creativity tasks (AAU Test and RAT). No effect of eye-closure was observed on the WM task. These findings provide a novel and easily applicable means to enhance divergent and convergent creativity through eye-closure.

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Eye-closure increases children's memory accuracy for visual material

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Improving the Enhanced Cognitive Interview With a New Interview Strategy: Category Clustering Recall

Improving the Enhanced Cognitive Interview With a New Interview Strategy: Category Clustering Recall

Computational discrimination between natural images based on gaze during mental imagery

Eye-Closure Enhances Creative Performance on Divergent and Convergent Creativity Tasks

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