Eye-gaze interaction for mobile phones

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the use of eye-gaze tracking technology for mobile phones. In particular we investigate how gaze interaction can be used to control applications on handheld devices. In contrast to eye-tracking systems for desktop computers, mobile devices imply several problems like the intensity of light for outdoor use and calibration issues. Therefore, we compared two different approaches for controlling mobile phones with the eyes: standard eye-gaze interaction based on the dwell-time method and gaze gestures. Gaze gestures are a new concept, which we think has the potential to overcome many of these problems. We conducted a user study to see whether people are able to interact with applications using these approaches. The results confirm that eye-gaze interaction for mobile phones is attractive for the users and that the gaze gestures are an alternative method for eye-gaze based interaction.

Eye center localization and gaze gesture recognition for human–computer interaction

“…A study was carried out by [20] on eye-gaze interaction for mobile phone use following two methods, the standard dwell-time based method and the gaze gesture method. Proposing to implement an eye tracker on a mobile phone platform, they further designed a number of gaze gestures which, upon recognition, can trigger certain actions such as scrolling up and down a phone book, opening or closing an internet browser.…”

“…It has been proposed in the literature for disability assistance and other HCI purposes [37,38]. The realisation of remote control of a HCI system via gaze gestures is non-invasive, lowcost and efficient, involving 4 main stages: accurate eye centre localisation in the spatial-temporal domain, eye movement encoding [20], gaze gesture recognition [39] and HCI event activation.…”

Gender and gaze gesture recognition for human-computer interaction

“…[34] carried out a study on eye-gaze interaction for mobile phone use following two methods, the standard dwell-time based method and the gaze gesture method. This study concludes that gaze gesture is robust to head movement since it only captures relative eye movement rather than absolute eye fixation points.…”

Gaze-Based Assistive Technologies

“…However, the system is very sensitive to other movements of the face and thus of limited use in everyday activities, especially if the person being tracked has only limited control of his facial muscles. Electro-oculography, however, could be used to distinguish simple eye-based gestures (Drewes, De Luca, & Schmidt, 2007) where a high spatial precision is not required.…”

“…The logical next step has been taken by Vaitukaitis and Bulling (2012), who adopted the work of Drewes, De Luca & Schmidt (2007) and presented a first prototype on a portable device, an Android smartphone. In the near future, I envision handicapped users to have a personal mobile gaze-based interface, e.g.…”