Eye Lens Opacities Among Physicians Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Auvinen, Anssi; Kivelä, Tero; Heinävaara, Sirpa; Mrena, Samy

doi:10.1093/annhyg/mev022

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This might suggest that the levels of exposure observed in the present study did not significantly influence the development of opacities. This conclusion is in agreement with the outcome of a Finish study [18] in which no association was found at the low exposure level of 111 mSv in average terms.…”

Section: Dose-response Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, citing the conclusion of Auvinen [18], these findings do not contradict the results presented in other papers reporting the occupational radiation exposure levels to the eye lens of the ICs and the related increased risk of opacities [19][20][21], as the doses presented are much lower, and also lower than the new dose threshold of 0.5 Gy for detectable opacities. In particular, the cumulative doses assessed in this study are almost 2 times lower than the ones in the French O'CLOC study calculated using a similar approach; 224 mSv in the Polish study vs. 423 mSv in the French study.…”

Section: Dose-response Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

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Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and lens opacity in interventional cardiologists

Domienik-Andrzejewska¹,

Kałużny²,

Piernik³

et al. 2019

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Interventional cardiologists (ICs) are occupationally exposed to low or moderate doses of ionizing radiation from repeated exposures. It is not clear whether these occupational conditions may affect their eye lens. Therefore, the risk of radiation-induced cataract in the cohort of Polish interventional cardiologists is analyzed in this paper. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 69 interventional cardiologists and 78 control individuals occupationally unexposed to ionizing radiation. The eye lens opacities were examined using a slit camera and evaluated with Lens Opacities Grading System III. Cumulative eye lens doses were estimated retrospectively using a questionnaire including data on occupational history. Results: The average cumulative dose to the left and right eye lens of the ICs was 224 mSv and 85 mSv, respectively. Nuclear opalescence and nuclear color opacities in the most exposed left eye were found in 38% of the ICS for both types, and in 47% and 42% of the controls, respectively. Cortical opacities were found in 25% of the ICS and 29% of the controls. Posterior subcapsular opacities were rare: about 7% in the ICs group and 6% in the control group. Overall, there was some, but statistically insignificant, increase in the risk for opacity in the ICs group, relative to the control group, after adjusting for the subjects' age, gender, smoking status and medical exposure (adjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.62-3.59 for the pooled "any-eye any-type" opacity). There was also no evidence for an increased opacity risk with an increase in the dose. Conclusions: The study found no statistically significant evidence against the hypothesis that the risk of cataract in the group of the ICs occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation is the same as in the control group. Nevertheless, the adverse effect of ionizing radiation still cannot be excluded due to a relatively small study sample size.

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Section: Dose-response Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Dose-response Analysissupporting

confidence: 73%

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and lens opacity in interventional cardiologists

Domienik-Andrzejewska¹,

Kałużny²,

Piernik³

et al. 2019

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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“…In our study, histological analyses of the eyes of prenatally irradiated animals revealed an intact lens stalk, which has previously been observed in the birth defect termed “congenital lens opacity” in C57BL6/J mice (Smith et al, ). How this defect may relate to other radiation‐induced EDs, such as cataract (Auvinen, Kivelä, Heinävaara, & Mrena, ; Hammer et al, ) (also classified as a “lens opacity”) remains to be elucidated. Of note is that cataract can be congenital in nature as well (Deng & Yuan, ; Pichi, Lembo, Serafino, & Nucci, ), although a link between prenatal radiation exposure and the incidence of this congenital cataract is debatable (Lie et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A detailed characterization of congenital defects and mortality following moderate X‐ray doses during neurulation

Craenen

Verslegers

Buset

et al. 2017

Birth Defects Research

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Background Both epidemiological and animal studies have previously indicated a link between in utero radiation exposure and birth defects such as microphthalmos, anophthalmos, and exencephaly. However, detailed knowledge on embryonic radiosensitivity during different stages of neurulation is limited, especially in terms of neural tube defect and eye defect development. Methods To assess the most radiosensitive stage during neurulation, pregnant C57BL6/J mice were X‐irradiated (0.5 Gy or 1.0 Gy) at embryonic days (E)7, E7.5, E8, E8.5, or E9. Next, the fetuses were scored macroscopically for various defects and prenatal resorptions/deaths were counted. In addition, cranial skeletal development was ascertained using the alcian‐alizarin method. Furthermore, postnatal/young adult survival was followed until 5 weeks (W5) of age, after X‐irradiation at E7.5 (0.1 Gy, 0.5 Gy, or 1.0 Gy). In addition, body and brain weights were registered at adult age (W10) following X‐ray exposure at E7.5 (0.1 Gy, 0.5 Gy). Results Several malformations, including microphthalmos and exencephaly, were most evident after irradiation at E7.5, with significance starting respectively at 0.5 Gy and 1.0 Gy. Prenatal mortality and weight were significantly affected in all irradiated groups. Long‐term follow‐up of E7.5 irradiated animals revealed a reduction in survival at 5 weeks of age after high dose exposure (1.0 Gy), while lower doses (0.5 Gy, 0.1 Gy) did not affect brain and body weight at postnatal week 10. Conclusions With this study, we gained more insight in radiosensitivity throughout neurulation, and offered a better defined model to further study radiation‐induced malformations and the underlying mechanisms.

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“…It is known that accommodative capability of the eye depends on an individual's age, the absorbed dose, and duration of IR exposure (Sergienko and Fedirko, 2002); in individuals exposed to various doses of IR, it was found to be reduced in younger patients. However, Auvinen et al (2015) reported that the frequency of lens opacities did not increase in physicians with occupational exposure to IR. Therefore, we studied chromosomal aberrations in cataract patients from a Chinese population occupationally exposed to IR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cytogenetic evaluation of cataract patients occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in northeast China

Yao

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Long-term radiation exposure is hazardous to health; late-onset effects of exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) pose risks to the lens, and are associated with other non-cancerous diseases. Individuals occupationally exposed to low-dose IR are prone to developing eye cataracts. Cytogenetic evaluations suggest that IR is associated with chromosomal aberrations in occupationally exposed individuals. However, data regarding the association between chromosomal aberrations in cataract patients and occupational exposure to IR is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to report the characteristics of chromosomal aberrations in cataract patients from a Chinese population, occupationally exposed to IR. We found that the average age and frequency of numerical chromosomal aberrations were significantly lower in the exposed patients as compared with that in the non-exposed patients. In addition, the frequencies of dicentric and acentric chromosomes were significantly higher in the exposed patients as compared with those in the non-exposed patients. Therefore, chronic occupational exposure to IR affects cataract development in the Chinese population. The age of cataract patients exposed to IR was significantly lower than the age of cataract onset in normal individuals. Based on this study, we suggest that there is an urgent need for improved radiation safety and eye protection in individuals exposed to IR in the work place.

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Eye Lens Opacities Among Physicians Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and lens opacity in interventional cardiologists

Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and lens opacity in interventional cardiologists

A detailed characterization of congenital defects and mortality following moderate X‐ray doses during neurulation

Cytogenetic evaluation of cataract patients occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation in northeast China

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