Eye vs. Head: Comparing Gaze Methods for Interaction in Augmented Reality

Pathmanathan, Nelusa; Becher, Michael; Rodrigues, Nils; Reina, Guido; Ertl, Thomas; Weiskopf, Daniel; Sedlmair, Michael

doi:10.1145/3379156.3391829

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…From our observation, the issue was likely due to the nature of the matching task, which required the user to view the cube in parallel to the manipulation. This could also explain the difference in our findings from those of Pathmanathan et al [13], who collected feedback after a free manipulation task without a defined target object pose. One available way to tackle this issue would be improving the design of the interfaces to focus important information in the central and paracentral vision, such as showing a small copy of the rotated object at the eye gaze position.…”

Section: Design Implications and Future Workcontrasting

confidence: 91%

“…She also defined a free-rotation mode that gradually aligns a selected point with the forward facing direction. Pathmanathan et al [13] compared head and eye-gaze for manipulating object transformations using these manipulation techniques. They found that users preferred head-gaze, while there was no difference in the preference between the constrained and free-rotation methods.…”

Section: Object Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eye Gaze-based Object Rotation for Head-mounted Displays

Liu

Orlosky

Plopski

2020

Symposium on Spatial User Interaction

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Figure 1: Images showing the three methods we developed to handle eye gaze-based rotations of virtual objects on headmounted displays. a) The initial interface for selecting an axis by which to rotate. b)-d) Examples of RotBar, which maps per-axis rotations onto one-dimensional eye gaze movements. e)-g) Examples of RotPlane, which makes use of orthogonal planes to achieve per-axis angular rotations. h) i) Examples of RotBall, which combines a traditional arcball with a ring for handling user-perspective roll (z-axis) rotations. The yellow circle highlights the eye gaze point in the figures, but is not rendered during use.

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Section: Design Implications and Future Workcontrasting

confidence: 91%

Section: Object Orientationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Gaze-based Object Rotation for Head-mounted Displays

Liu

Orlosky

Plopski

2020

Symposium on Spatial User Interaction

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“…Some research has already pioneered gaze-assisted UI to access more contextual information Ajanki et al [2011], Lu et al [2020], Pathmanathan et al [2020], Sasikumar et al [2019]. It has been shown that the optical see-through (OST) HMD which harnesses human gaze with eye-tracking as the interaction metaphor can contribute to efficient results Looser et al [2007].…”

Section: Ar With Gaze Assistancementioning

confidence: 99%

See or Hear? Exploring the Effect of Visual and Audio Hints and Gaze-assisted Task Feedback for Visual Search Tasks in Augmented Reality

Zhang¹,

Nowak²,

Xuan³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Augmented reality (AR) is emerging in visual search tasks for increasingly immersive interactions with virtual objects. We propose an AR approach providing visual and audio hints along with gazeassisted instant post-task feedback for search tasks based on mobile head-mounted display (HMD). The target case was a book-searching task, in which we aimed to explore the effect of the hints together with the task feedback with two hypotheses. H1: Since visual and audio hints can positively affect AR search tasks, the combination outperforms the individuals. H2: The gaze-assisted instant post-task feedback can positively affect AR search tasks. The proof-of-concept was demonstrated by an AR app in HMD and a comprehensive user study (n=96) consisting of two sub-studies, Study I (n=48) without task feedback and Study II (n=48) with task feedback. Following quantitative and qualitative analysis, our results partially verified H1 and completely verified H2, enabling us to conclude that the synthesis of visual and audio hints conditionally improves the AR visual search task efficiency when coupled with task feedback.

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“…There have also been numerous gaze-based interaction techniques that have been proposed to improve interaction by increasing target or cursor sizes via zooming [12,39], the use of area cursors [12], cursors that can be nudged via gaze-based buttons [56], or by the incremental disambiguation of possible targets [42]. However, these strategies do not guarantee the removal of tracker errors as demonstrated by prior work where participant data was discarded due to calibration and tracking issues [1,4,15,19,45,48,50,53,59]. Thus, this research proposes the use of fallback modalities to make gaze-based systems more robust and accessible to users.…”

Section: Handling Eye Tracking Errormentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighted Pointer: Error-aware Gaze-based Interaction through Fallback Modalities

Sidenmark

Parent

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Fig. 1. The Weighted Pointer provides stable gaze-based pointing interaction irrespective of gaze signal quality via fallback modalities.The techniques detect the eye tracking error level and determines the relative weighting to assign between gaze and the fallback modality. A: The pointer direction (red) is aligned with gaze (orange) when the gaze signal is stable. B: The pointer relies on both gaze and the fallback modality (e.g., head direction, green) if the gaze signal deteriorates. C: The pointer fully relies on the fallback modality if gaze is deemed to be unusable for interaction.

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Eye vs. Head: Comparing Gaze Methods for Interaction in Augmented Reality

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Eye Gaze-based Object Rotation for Head-mounted Displays

Eye Gaze-based Object Rotation for Head-mounted Displays

See or Hear? Exploring the Effect of Visual and Audio Hints and Gaze-assisted Task Feedback for Visual Search Tasks in Augmented Reality

Weighted Pointer: Error-aware Gaze-based Interaction through Fallback Modalities

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