Eyeglasses based wireless electrolyte and metabolite sensor platform

Abstract

The demand for wearable sensors has grown rapidly in recent years, with increasing attention being given to epidermal chemical sensing. Here, we present the first example of a fully-integrated eyeglasses wireless multiplexed chemical sensing platform capable of real-time monitoring of sweat electrolytes and metabolites. The new concept has been realized by integrating an amperometric lactate biosensor and a potentiometric potassium ion-selective electrode on the two nose bridge pads of the glasses and interfacing them to a wireless electronic backbone placed on the glasses arms. Simultaneous real-time monitoring of sweat lactate and potassium levels with no apparent cross-talk is demonstrated along with wireless signal transduction. The electrochemical sensors were screen printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) stickers and placed on each side of the glasses nose pads in order to monitor sweat metabolites and electrolytes. The electronic backbone on the arms of the glasses frame offers control of the amperometric and potentiometric transducers and enables Bluetooth wireless data transmission to the host device. The new glasses system offers an interchangeable-sensor feature in connection to variety of different nose-bridge amperometric and potentiometric sensor stickers. For example, the lactate bridge-pad sensor was replaced with a glucose one to offer convenient monitoring of sweat glucose. Such fully-integrated wireless “Lab-on-a-Glass” multiplexed biosensor platform can be readily expanded for the simultaneous monitoring of additional sweat electrolytes and metabolites.

Skin‐worn Soft Microfluidic Potentiometric Detection System

“…The following procedure was employed for preparing the potassium recognition layer. Two mg valinomycin were dissolved in 1 mL of THF along with 0.5 mg of potassium tetrakis(4‐ chlorophenyl) borate.…”

Recent Developments of Flexible and Stretchable Electrochemical Biosensors

“…Additionally, not all types of textiles are suitable to integrate sensing materials [38][39][40]. As an alternative, other flexible thin-film substrates (e.g., paper and plastic) have been explored [41][42][43][44][45][46]. However, the intrinsic fracture limit of the flexible thin-film materials is small (e.g., <1% for paper).…”

Materials and Techniques for Implantable Nutrient Sensing Using Flexible Sensors Integrated with Metal–Organic Frameworks

“…Flexible sensors are notable for their sensing abilities of physical properties such as heart rate, biopotential, temperature, and skin impedance . However, chemical detection using flexible sensors are still largely unexplored other than some notable demonstrations in detecting glucose, lactate, and electrolytes . Despite excellent adaptability to various surface morphology and environmental conditions, the chemical sensing capability in terms of resolution, specificity, and reliability of flexible sensors may not necessarily outweigh electronic devices based on rigid composition materials.…”