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doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(83)80032-8

Cited by 4 publications

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“…His relatively liberal conclusion was that 'While we should not be opposed to the admission, after a prolonged probation, of an individual who in the days of his ignorance had entered into such an alliance, we set our faces rigidly against an actual member of the Church entering into any such state of bigamy'. 44 Chinese Religions Soothill followed fulfilment theology 45 and thought that 'an account of the religions we come "not to destroy but to fulfil" might be interesting to the reader'. 46 He concluded his book A Mission in China 47 with a survey of religion in China which he began with a tour around Wenzhou describing the various kinds of temple and what happened in them; phenomenology before its time.…”

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confidence: 99%

The historical development of jiao 教 in Chinese and its impact on the concept of ‘religion’ in English scholarship

Chen

2018

TIS

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This article contends that the traditional Chinese concept of jiao (teaching) has, through translation, greatly influenced the conceptual development of ‘religion’ in English-language scholarship. The article first demonstrates how the historical development of jiao in Chinese reveals numerous previously neglected patterns of Chinese spirituality. Using Friedrich Schleiermacher’s and Max Müller’s viewpoints, the article suggests the significance of translation in redefining a concept via the particularity of foreign culture. It then examines how James Legge, Jan Jakob Maria de Groot, William Edward Soothill, Bertrand Russell, and Ernest Richard Hughes and K. Hughes redefine religion in their translations of jiao. Highlighting jiao and religion as fluid categories via scholars’ translations and debates, my article challenges simplistic assumptions about Western supremacy in Sino-Western acculturation. It affirms the traditions and translations of jiao as powerful agents for shaping and enriching the meanings and phenomena of religion in the globalizing dynamics of human cultural interactions.

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Section: Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The historical development of jiao 教 in Chinese and its impact on the concept of ‘religion’ in English scholarship

Chen

2018

TIS

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Deashaltening and Hydrodesulphurization of Jumboor Vacuum Residue

Jarallah

Hameed

2007

Tikrit j. eng. sci.

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Vacuum residue of Jumboor crude oil above 773 K of specific gravity 1.105 and 6. I wt% sulfur , was treated with commercial pentane &hexane fractions for preparing deasphaltened oil (DAO) suitable for hydrodesulphurization process. Solvent deasphaltening was examined with mixing time 0.25 to 4 h and solvent to oil ratio 4 to 15 ml : 1g at different temperatures . The asphaltenes yield was decreased with increasing mixing time and increased with increasing solvent to oil ratio . Hexane deasphaltened oil hydrotreated on presulfided commercial cobalt-molybdenum alumina catalyst at specified operating conditions in a trickle bed reactor . The hydrotreating process applied at a range of temperatures varied from 623 to 698 K, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) from 0.7 to 2.2 h-1 ,H2/oil ratio about 300 liter/liter and hydrogen pressure was 4 Mpa . The results of hydrotreating process indicate high sulfur and metal removal with decreasing LHSV as well as high temperature applied . The kinetic of hydrodesulphurization and demetalization reactions followed 2nd and 1st order reactions respectively .

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Effect of Operating Conditions on Sulfur and Metal Content of Basrah Crude Oil

Ibrahim

Mohamed

Jarallah

2009

Tikrit j. eng. sci.

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In the present work, Basrah crude oil, atmospheric distillate of 305-623 K boiling range, vacuum distillate of 623-823 K boiling range, and wide petroleum distillate of boiling range 305-823 K are hydrotreated in trickle bed reactor using Cobalt- Molybdenum alumina as a catalyst. Hydrotreating temperatures are 598-648K, 598- 673K, 648-673K and 648K respectively while LHSV are 0.7-2 hr-1, 1 hr-1, 0.7-2 hr-1 respectively. The operating pressure and H2/Oil ratio for all experiments are kept constant at 3 Mpa and 300 liter/liter. The results show that Sulphur and metal content decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing LHSV. Vacuum residue of boiling range above 823K is mixed with hydrotreated atmospheric distillate, vacuum distillate and with the hydrotreated wide petroleum distillate. The temperature for hydrotreating the mixed sample is 648K and LHSV is 1 hr-1. It was found that hydrotreating crude oil is the best choice since it gives the highest removal of sulphur, vanadium and cobalt removal..

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Cited by 4 publications

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The historical development of jiao 教 in Chinese and its impact on the concept of ‘religion’ in English scholarship

The historical development of jiao 教 in Chinese and its impact on the concept of ‘religion’ in English scholarship

Deashaltening and Hydrodesulphurization of Jumboor Vacuum Residue

Effect of Operating Conditions on Sulfur and Metal Content of Basrah Crude Oil

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