Fabric Softener Technology: A Review

Murphy, Dennis S.

doi:10.1007/s11743-014-1658-2

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although softeners were used for decades [3], there is still a lack of consensus pertaining to the active deposition on cotton fibers as well as on the softening mechanism. It has been shown that the surfactants used in conditioners are self-assembled into micron size vesicles [4][5][6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals

Oikonomou

Christov²,

Cristobal³

et al. 2018

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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The esterquat surfactants are shown to assemble into micron-sized vesicles in the dilute and concentrated regimes. In the former, guar addition in small amounts does not impair the vesicular structure and stability. In the concentrated regime, cationic guars induce a local crowding associated to depletion interactions and leads to the formation of a local lamellar order. In rheology, adjusting the polymer concentration at 1/10th that of the surfactant is sufficient to offset the decrease of the elastic property associated with the surfactant reduction. In conclusion, we have shown that through an appropriate choice of natural additives it is possible to lower the concentration of surfactants in fabric conditioners by about half, a result that could represent a significant breakthrough in current home care formulations.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals

Oikonomou

Christov²,

Cristobal³

et al. 2018

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…In addition, a review of the literature data (Calero et al, ; Lai, ; Murphy, ; Ogorzałek et al, ; Smulders, ; Wasilewski et al, ; Zoller, ) and the results of viscosity measurements performed for the commercial formulations presented in an article by the main author (Ogorzałek, Ogorzalek, ) indicated that the viscosity of this type of formulations ranged from ca. 20 to ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a review of the literature data (Calero et al, 2010;Lai, 2006;Murphy, 2015;Ogorzałek et al, 2019;Fig. 2 Particle size distribution in 1% aqueous solutions of the transparent fabric softeners without added extract and with 0.3% of raspberry seed extracts Smulders, 2002;Wasilewski et al, 2016a;Zoller, 2008) and the results of viscosity measurements performed for the commercial formulations presented in an article by the main author (Ogorzałek, Ogorzalek, 2017) indicated that the viscosity of this type of formulations ranged from ca.…”

Section: Effect Of Hydrophobic Extractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in line with current trends, fabric softeners that are widely available on the market contain additional, naturally sourced ingredients such as plant extracts or oils or fats of animal origin (lanolin). These raw materials are intended primarily to enhance the fabric softening effect (Jang and Lee, 2010;Lai, 2006;Murphy, 2015;Pajnik et al, 2017;Smulders, 2002;Wasilewski et al, 2016a;Zoller, 2008), but they may also have a positive impact on the condition of the skin during the use of fabrics after the rinsing process (Hermanns et al, 2001;Isoda et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Hydrophobic Plant Extract on the Physicochemical Properties of a Transparent Fabric Softener

Ogorzałek

Wasilewski

Klimaszewska

et al. 2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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This article investigates the effect of hydrophobic supercritical CO2 raspberry seed extracts on the physicochemical and functional properties of a modern, transparent fabric softener. The addition of a hydrophobic extract to a transparent softener formulation increased the turbidity and dynamic viscosity of the product compared to the reference formulation (with no added extract). In addition, fabric rinsed in a bath containing the transparent fabric softener enriched with the hydrophobic extract was characterized by a higher degree of softness and slightly lower values of fabric rewettability (two parameters determining the usable properties of this type products) in relation to the values determined for a fabric exposed to the rinsing process in an aqueous solution of the transparent fabric softener without added extract. The results obtained in the assessment of physicochemical properties point to the modification of the structure of fabric softener resulting from the growth of surfactant aggregates due to solubilization of the hydrophobic extract. As a consequence, the deposit—an adsorption layer of surfactants (responsible for key characteristics relevant to the performance of this type of products) remaining on the fabric after the rinsing process—is modified.

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“…In addition, fabric softeners are expected to be easily dispersible in water and should not cause fabric yellowing and corrosion of structural elements in washing machines. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] The functions of fabric softeners determine their names. The products are also referred to as anti-static agents or fabric softeners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chemical Structure of Silicone Polyethers Used as Fabric Softener Additives on Selected Utility Properties of Cotton Fabric

Zięba

Małysa

Wasilewski

et al. 2019

Autex Research Journal

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The study addressed the effect of the structure of silicone polyethers on selected functional properties of cotton fabric rinsed in conditioners containing the additives under study. Fabric softener formulations containing two comb-structured compounds (PEG/PPG-14/0 Dimethicone and PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone) and one block-structured compound (Bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone) were developed. Cotton fabric rinsed in conditioners containing silicone glycols was not found to be affected by yellowing. However, differences were noted in the softening ability and re-wettability of rinsed fabrics due to diverse structures of the additives used. The most desirable soft hand effect was observed after cotton rinsing in fabric softeners containing the block-structured compound Bis-PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone. In contrast, the highest fabric re-wettability was shown for the conditioner enriched with a comb-structured compound (PEG/PPG-20/20 Dimethicone). The study results demonstrate that the prototypical fabric softeners containing silicone derivatives have a potential to provide quality characteristic required by consumers of this product group.

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Fabric Softener Technology: A Review

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals

Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals

Effect of Hydrophobic Plant Extract on the Physicochemical Properties of a Transparent Fabric Softener

Effects of Chemical Structure of Silicone Polyethers Used as Fabric Softener Additives on Selected Utility Properties of Cotton Fabric

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